{"id":29047,"date":"2025-05-01T10:10:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T07:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=29047"},"modified":"2026-07-04T12:01:50","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T09:01:50","slug":"closing-the-gaps-a-smarter-sanctions-strategy-for-russia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/zh\/2025\/05\/01\/closing-the-gaps-a-smarter-sanctions-strategy-for-russia\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5835\u4f4f\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff1a\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5b9e\u65bd\u66f4\u660e\u667a\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u6218\u7565"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\"><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-quick-download-button-download-button aligncenter qdbn-wrapper\"><div class=\"qdbn\" data-plugin-name=\"qdbn\" data-style=\"small\" data-file=\"hide-file\" data-size=\"hide-size\"><div class=\"qdbn-download-button-inner\"><button type=\"button\" data-button-type=\"small\" class=\"g-btn f-l\" style=\"background-color:#0e107b;color:#ffffff;border-radius:25px;border:1px solid #e2e2e2\" data-attachment-id=\"51876\" data-page-id=\"18850\" data-post-id=\"\" data-have-external=\"false\" data-external-url=\"\" data-wait-duration=\"0\" data-target-blank=\"true\" data-msg=\"Please wait...\" data-member=\"0\" data-has-icon-dark=\"false\" title=\"\u4e0b\u8f7d\u82f1\u6587\u7248 PDF\"><span class=\"download-btn-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M18 11.3l-1-1.1-4 4V3h-1.5v11.3L7 10.2l-1 1.1 6.2 5.8 5.8-5.8zm.5 3.7v3.5h-13V15H4v5h16v-5h-1.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u82f1\u6587\u7248 PDF<\/span><\/button><p class=\"up\" style=\"background:transparent;border-radius:0\"><i class=\"fi fi-pdf\"><\/i><\/p><p class=\"down\" style=\"background:transparent;border-radius:0\"><i class=\"fi-folder-o\"><\/i><span class=\"file-size\">2 MB<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><quick-download-button-info class=\"qdb-btn-info\"><\/quick-download-button-info><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\" id=\"h-key-takeaways\">\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u70b9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u662f\u65e5\u76ca\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5168\u7403\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1<\/strong>&nbsp;\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u6d41\u6c13\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u652f\u6301\uff1b\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53d7\u5230\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5bf9\u771f\u6b63\u548c\u5e73\u6beb\u65e0\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sanctions are a crucial tool to weaken Russia&#8217;s military<\/strong>, but their impact is limited by Russia&#8217;s economic adaptation via war spending and effective evasion tactics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u901a\u8fc7\u5e73\u884c\u8d38\u6613\u89c4\u907f\u5236\u88c1&nbsp;<\/strong>via third countries (Central Asia, Turkey, India, China) and a &#8220;shadow fleet&#8221; for oil exports, often utilizing Western-origin components in its weaponry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f53\u524d\u5236\u88c1\u6267\u884c\u5b58\u5728\u6f0f\u6d1e<\/strong>, requiring a more robust and coordinated strategy to close them and truly impact Russia&#8217;s war-funding capabilities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u66f4\u660e\u667a\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u65b9\u6848\u5fc5\u987b&nbsp;<strong>\u9488\u5bf9\u534f\u52a9\u89c4\u907f\u5236\u88c1\u8005<\/strong>&nbsp;\uff08\u8239\u4e1c\u3001\u8f6c\u8fd0\u67a2\u7ebd\u3001\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\u5173\u8054\u65b9\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9650\u5236\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u91cd\u5927\u5904\u7f5a\u786e\u4fdd\u4e25\u683c\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6301\u7eed\u7684&nbsp;<strong>\u5236\u88c1\u538b\u529b\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u540e\u4ecd\u957f\u671f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/strong>, to counter Russia&#8217;s enduring threat and war-driven economy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1238\" height=\"505\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-17.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Closing the Gaps: A Smarter Sanctions Strategy for Russia\" class=\"wp-image-29049\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-17.png 1238w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-17-600x245.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-17-1024x418.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-17-768x313.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-17-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1238px) 100vw, 1238px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u4ee3\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5b89\u5168\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4e0d\u53d7\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u884c\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u5316\u88ab\u5236\u88c1\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u8f74\u5fc3\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u76ee\u524d\u81f3\u5c1170%\u7684\u706b\u70ae\u7531\u671d\u9c9c\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u5f39\u9053\u5bfc\u5f39\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u4f0a\u6717\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u653b\u51fb\u578b\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\uff0c\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u63d0\u4f9b\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u52a9\u89c4\u907f\u897f\u65b9\u5236\u88c1\u548c\u6269\u5927\u519b\u4e8b\u6280\u672f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81ea\u65e0\u7aef\u5165\u4fb5\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u6838\u8bb9\u8bc8\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4f8b\u53d1\u751f\u57282024\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5a01\u80c1\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u4f7f\u7528\u201cOreshnik\uff08\u699b\u6811\uff09\u201d\u6d32\u9645\u5bfc\u5f39\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u5bf9\u548c\u5e73\u8c08\u5224\u6216\u59a5\u534f\u6beb\u65e0\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u8bba\u8c03\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u51fa\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u8981\u6c42\u6295\u964d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u654c\u5bf9\u884c\u52a8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e1d\u6beb\u672a\u51cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2025\u5e74\uff0c\u519b\u8d39\u8fbe\u5230\u5e74\u5ea6\u9884\u7b97\u521b\u7eaa\u5f55\u768433%\uff0c\u6e05\u695a\u8868\u660e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u519b\u4e8b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e3a\u548c\u5e73\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u4e39\u9ea6\u56fd\u9632\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u5317\u7ea6\u5f00\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4e94\u5e74\u5185\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6027\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"806\" height=\"605\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-20.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Closing the Gaps: A Smarter Sanctions Strategy for Russia\" class=\"wp-image-29052\" style=\"width:665px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-20.png 806w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-20-600x450.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-20-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-20-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 806px) 100vw, 806px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-role-of-sanctions-in-the-war\">\u5236\u88c1\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"484\" height=\"527\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-21.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Closing the Gaps: A Smarter Sanctions Strategy for Russia\" class=\"wp-image-29053\" style=\"width:415px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-21.png 484w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-21-11x12.png 11w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 484px) 100vw, 484px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7684\u201c\u7279\u522b\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5317\u7ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5c06\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8054\u76df\u5185\u90e8\u5df2\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u5e94\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53ef\u80fd\u5165\u4fb5\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u3002\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5404\u56fd\u6b63\u79ef\u6781\u51c6\u5907\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u666f\u2014\u2014\u5f3a\u5316\u56fd\u754c\u3001\u50a8\u5907\u6b66\u5668\u3001\u5c06\u519b\u8d39\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230GDP\u76843%\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\u9632\u7a7a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u5e73\u6c11\u64a4\u79bb\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5236\u88c1\u4e0d\u662f\u963b\u6b62\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4fb5\u7565\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u524a\u5f31\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u519b\u4e8b\u6f5c\u529b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u8fd9\u65e2\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u9632\u6b62\u6b27\u6d32\u672a\u6765\u7206\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u5236\u88c1\u9010\u6b65\u52a0\u5927\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u6218\u4e89\u66f4\u96be\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7ee7\uff0c\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u4e0e\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u52a8\u548c\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u5236\u88c1\u589e\u52a0\u6218\u7565\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e3a\u5ef6\u7eed\u6218\u4e89\u4ed8\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sanctions-imposed-by-the-g7\">\u4e03\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u5236\u88c1<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"479\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-22.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Closing the Gaps: A Smarter Sanctions Strategy for Russia\" class=\"wp-image-29054\" style=\"width:391px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-22.png 479w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-22-11x12.png 11w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5c06\u8d38\u6613\u8f6c\u5411\u672a\u5b9e\u65bd\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u65bd\u538b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5b9e\u65bd\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u989d\u4ece\u6bcf\u6708105\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u964d\u81f32023\u5e74\u768446\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u4e0e\u672a\u52a0\u5165\u5236\u88c1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u62b5\u6d88\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u635f\u5931\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u548c\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u989d\u4ece\u6bcf\u670855\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u5347\u81f397\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-western-tech-in-russian-weapons\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6b66\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u6280\u672f<strong> <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u952e\u6311\u6218\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u90e8\u4ef6\u4ecd\u6301\u7eed\u7528\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u519b\u4e8b\u88c5\u5907\u3002\u5728\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5883\u5185\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6b66\u5668\u6b8b\u9ab8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u8fd12,800\u4e2a\u5916\u56fd\u90e8\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7ea695%\u7531\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u5236\u88c1\u8054\u76df\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4f9d\u8d56\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u91c7\u8d2d\u5173\u952e\u519b\u4e8b\u6280\u672f\u548c\u519b\u6c11\u4e24\u7528\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c75%\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fae\u82af\u7247\u7ecf\u7531\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u30022023\u5e74\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u5411\u53c2\u4e0e\u518d\u51fa\u53e3\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u53e3\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c\u8d85\u8fc7140\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5fae\u82af\u7247\u3001\u5236\u9020\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u519b\u6c11\u4e24\u7528\u5546\u54c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u4fee\u7406\u5176\u822a\u7a7a\u673a\u961f\u2014\u2014\u4ec52022\u5e74\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5c31\u7ecf\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8fdb\u53e3\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c1400\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u98de\u673a\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-money-for-the-war\">\u6218\u4e89\u8d44\u91d1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e4c\u6218\u4e89\u7b79\u8d44\u4ecd\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u521b\u7eaa\u5f55\u7684\u519b\u8d39\u652f\u51fa\u4fbf\u662f\u660e\u8bc1\u3002\u6839\u636e\u83b7\u6279\u76842025\u5e74\u9884\u7b97\uff0c1260\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u88ab\u62e8\u7528\u4e8e\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u9884\u7b97\u768432.5%\uff08\u8f832024\u5e74\u589e\u52a025%\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8d85\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u636e\u4e13\u5bb6Craig Kennedy\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u8fd8\u6709870\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u901a\u8fc7\u9690\u853d\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u5165\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f7f2025\u5e74\u519b\u8d39\u603b\u989d\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fbe\u5230\u7ea62320\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u9884\u7b97\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u51fa\u552e\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u77f3\u6cb9\u3001\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u548c\u7164\u70ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u5386\u6765\u5360\u56fd\u5bb6\u6536\u5165\u768440%\u201450%\u3002\u5168\u9762\u5165\u4fb5\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5df2\u4ece\u80fd\u6e90\u51fa\u53e3\u4e2d\u8d5a\u53d6\u8d85\u8fc78160\u4ebf\u6b27\u5143\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d68%\u6765\u81ea\u77f3\u6cb9\u300121%\u6765\u81ea\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u300111%\u6765\u81ea\u7164\u70ad\u3002\u9884\u8ba12025\u5e74\u6cb9\u6c14\u6536\u5165\u5c06\u5360GDP\u76845%\uff0c\u800c\u6218\u4e89\u652f\u51fa\u5c06\u8fbe\u5230GDP\u76846.31%\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u9884\u6d4b\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bcf\u687670\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6cb9\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8c03\u6574\u4e86\u80fd\u6e90\u51fa\u53e3\u65b9\u5411\uff1a2023\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u51fa\u53e3\u768482% <a href=\"https:\/\/www.russiafossiltracker.com\/ua\/%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80\/\">\u6d41\u5411 <\/a>\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u53e3\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c2300\u4ebf\u6b27\u5143\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u80fd\u6e90\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e3a1220\u4ebf\u6b27\u5143\uff0c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4e3a940\u4ebf\u6b27\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2023\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u81f32025\u5e744\u67088\u65e5\u671f\u95f4\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u6700\u5927\u8fdb\u53e3\u56fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"909\" height=\"561\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-23.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Closing the Gaps: A Smarter Sanctions Strategy for Russia\" class=\"wp-image-29055\" style=\"width:756px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-23.png 909w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-23-600x370.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-23-768x474.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-23-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 909px) 100vw, 909px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-shadow-fleet-nbsp\">\u5f71\u5b50\u8239\u961f&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the key mechanisms for circumventing sanctions on Russian energy exports is the use of the so-called &#8220;shadow fleet&#8221;\u2014a network of tankers registered in third countries that transport Russian oil at prices exceeding the Western-imposed cap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common schemes involve the &#8220;gray fleet&#8221; and the &#8220;dark fleet.&#8221; The gray fleet formally operates within the rules but employs questionable methods, such as sailing under foreign flags (Panama, Liberia, the Marshall Islands, Malta). This has allowed Russia to increase oil transport volumes by 111% since the invasion. The dark fleet, on the other hand, completely conceals its operations\u2014ships turn off their Automatic Identification System (AIS), manipulate location data, and use other masking techniques.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"934\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-24.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Closing the Gaps: A Smarter Sanctions Strategy for Russia\" class=\"wp-image-29056\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-24.png 934w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-24-600x288.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-24-768x368.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-24-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 934px) 100vw, 934px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"981\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-26.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Closing the Gaps: A Smarter Sanctions Strategy for Russia\" class=\"wp-image-29058\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-26.png 981w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-26-600x267.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-26-768x342.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-26-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 981px) 100vw, 981px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2022\u5e74\u6bcf\u687660\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u9650\u51fa\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7acb\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u8d2d\u4e70\u6cb9\u8f6e\u4ee5\u89c4\u907f\u5236\u88c1\u3002\u5168\u9762\u5165\u4fb5\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c35\u4e2a\u5236\u88c1\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u670921\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8239\u4e1c\u81f3\u5c11\u5411\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u8239\u961f\u51fa\u552e\u4e86230\u8258\u6cb9\u8f6e\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4f30\u8ba1\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u81ea2022\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u5df2\u5728\u8fd9\u652f\u8239\u961f\u4e0a\u652f\u51fa\u8d85\u8fc7100\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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translation-block\"><strong><em>\u514d\u8d23\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u672c\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u610f\u89c1\u4ec5\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u5176\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6216\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6216\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u573a<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><em>\u672c\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u590d\u5174\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u7f16\u5199\u3002\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u4f5c\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u53cd\u6620\u56fd\u9645\u590d\u5174\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key Takeaways Contemporary Russia is the main threat not only to Ukraine but to global security. It legitimizes unpunished aggression, undermines established international law norms, and strengthens the axis of autocracies that have been isolated by sanctions. At least 70% of Russian artillery is now supplied by North Korea, along with a portion of ballistic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":30575,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59,13],"tags":[],"topic":[90,97,91,84,92],"class_list":["post-29047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eng-central-eastern-europe","category-en-analyses","topic-economy","topic-energy","topic-eu","topic-russia","topic-war"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Closing the Gaps: A Smarter Sanctions Strategy for Russia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A sustained and smarter sanctions approach is needed to counter Russia\u2019s military expansion and war-driven economy, even after 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