{"id":26487,"date":"2024-11-07T09:53:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T07:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=26487"},"modified":"2025-08-05T13:12:47","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T10:12:47","slug":"european-energy-policy-and-security-in-light-of-russias-war-in-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/zh\/2024\/11\/07\/european-energy-policy-and-security-in-light-of-russias-war-in-ukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5bf9\u4e4c\u6218\u4e89\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u80fd\u6e90\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-quick-download-button-download-button aligncenter qdbn-wrapper\"><div class=\"qdbn\" data-plugin-name=\"qdbn\" data-style=\"small\" data-file=\"hide-file\" data-size=\"hide-size\"><div class=\"qdbn-download-button-inner\"><button type=\"button\" data-button-type=\"small\" class=\"g-btn f-l\" 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class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1240\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image.png 1240w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-600x245.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-1024x419.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-768x314.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Russia has been waging a full-scale war against Ukraine for three years now. The democratic states of the West are united in their support of Ukraine, providing various types of aid. While unprecedented sanctions were imposed on Russia, energy remains the weak spot of the EU due to its dependence on Russia\u2019s energy supplies. It is not yet clear how quickly its members will be able to disconnect from it. Thus, the energy trade that some EU countries continue to engage in huge volumes still finances Russia&#8217;s military machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As analysts aptly note, aid to Ukraine is not charity. The Russian invasion and the subsequent courageous resistance of the Ukrainian people were a watershed moment for the transatlantic security architecture, demonstrating the value and importance of Ukraine to Europe. So, refusal from Russian energy carriers is also neither an act of charity nor a noble gesture. Therefore, this article will consider the EU&#8217;s sharp shift in its stance towards Russia as an energy supplier in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. It will explore the challenges the European Union faces in reducing its dependency on Russia, as well as the EU&#8217;s green transition and the potential role of Ukraine in contributing to Europe&#8217;s energy security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6b27\u76df\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u6f14\u53d8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trade in energy carriers used to be one of the points of relations between the EU and Russia. For many years, Russia has been the main supplier of oil and gas to the European Union. In addition to this EU-Russia energy trade included coal and nuclear materials. At first, this cooperation was considered by the European side as quite convenient and profitable. Geographical proximity, existing infrastructure, and Russia&#8217;s ability to export large quantities were the most important reasons why the Russian Federation seemed to be the best partner. In 2021, Russia supplied more than 45,3% of the EU&#8217;s gas consumption. Additionally, Russia was responsible for 27% and 46% of the imports of both oil and coal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fc4\u4e4c\u5168\u9762\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u5e94\u8fc5\u901f\u52a0\u5f3a\u5728\u9632\u52a1\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6218\u7565\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b9e\u73b0\u80fd\u6e90\u91c7\u8d2d\u591a\u5143\u5316\u5e76\u6295\u8d44\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5bf9\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u975e\u6cd5\u4e14\u65e0\u7aef\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u653b\u51fb\u4e86\u8be5\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6784\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u98ce\u9669\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It appeared that after several decades of close cooperation and turning a blind eye to Russia&#8217;s ever-increasing decline into an undemocratic, authoritarian, and aggressive regime, the EU and its leaders have come to an epiphany. The war showed that the EU&#8217;s belief that economic interdependence would have a positive effect on the regime in Russia was deeply mistaken. Russia&#8217;s massive invasion of Ukraine demonstrated the risks of relying on a single supplier of fossil fuels. Since the spring of 2022, Russia has used the stoppage of gas supplies to its European consumers as a means of blackmail, attempting to force them into changing their policy towards Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2022\u5e743\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03 REPowerEU \u6218\u7565\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5c3d\u5feb\u964d\u4f4e\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u7ecf\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5c31\u51cf\u5c1115%\u7684\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u30022022\u5e748\u6708\u81f32023\u5e741\u6708\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u6210\u679c\uff1a\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u51cf\u5c1119%\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u5236\u88c1\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u77f3\u6cb9\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u65f7\u65e5\u6301\u4e45\u4e14\u8270\u96be\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"447\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26491\" style=\"width:754px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-3.png 804w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-3-600x334.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-3-768x427.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-3-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2023, the US and Norway became the top gas suppliers to the EU. Nearly 30% of all the&nbsp;EU\u2019s gas imports came from Norway. Qatar, the UK, and countries in North Africa are further providers. This exploration has the potential to have negative impacts that include physical disruption of environments important for marine biodiversity and pollution. Nevertheless, in the near future, increased attention is expected to be paid to hydrocarbon production in this area. Moreover, in 2022, Norway decided to extend coal mining in Svalbard until 2025, as the Norwegian Minister of Industry stated that coal is used for steel production in Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65b0\u65e7\u95ee\u9898\u4ea4\u7ec7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As of 2022, EU members found themselves in very different conditions regarding the energy situation. Dependence varied greatly, which started to create and still creates problems for the EU. Unfortunately, despite the quick reaction, the actions of the EU were not so immediate. The complete elimination of the EU&#8217;s dependence on Russian oil and natural gas is a long-term goal for the EU. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u745e\u5178<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u82ac\u5170\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u548c\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u6377\u514b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u3001\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u5404\u56fd\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5929\u7136\u6c14\uff09\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6311\u8d77\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u6700\u5927\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ecd\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\u3002\u81ea\u4fc4\u4e4c\u5168\u9762\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u51fa\u662f\u5176\u5411\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d22\u653f\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u4e94\u500d\u3002\u56fe\u8868\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"784\" height=\"475\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26531\" style=\"width:646px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9.png 784w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9-600x364.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9-768x465.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 784px) 100vw, 784px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u5341\u4ebf\uff08\u81ea\u5168\u9762\u6218\u4e89\u5f00\u59cb\u81f3\u7ea62024\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u622a\u81f39\u6708\uff09\u3002<\/em><br><em> \u4f5c\u8005\u5236\u4f5c\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1aCREA\u3001Politico\u3001\u57fa\u5c14\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u80fd\u6e90\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u53ca\u6216\u52a0\u5267\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6ed1\u5411\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u4f20\u64ad\u4eb2\u4fc4\u53d9\u4e8b\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u6b27\u76df\u653f\u6cbb\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u9020\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5308\u7259\u5229\u548c\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7b49\u56fd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d2d\u4e70\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u56fa\u6267\u5730\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u5c42\u9762\u5ba3\u626c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u8bba\u8c03\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5308\u7259\u5229\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u548c\u6377\u514b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7b49\u5185\u9646\u4e2d\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u83b7\u51c6\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u53e3\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u80fd\u6e90\u3002\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u83b7\u5f97\u6b27\u76df\u5236\u88c1\u8c41\u514d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7981\u6b62\u8fdb\u53e3\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u77f3\u6cb9\uff1b\u800c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u56fd\u5374\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f9b\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4fb5\u7565\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53cd\u5bf9\u80fd\u6e90\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u800c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5219\u547c\u5401\u7acb\u5373\u5feb\u901f\u6446\u8131\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u80fd\u6e90\u3002\u5236\u88c1\u76f4\u52302022\u5e744\u6708\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u8f6e\u65b9\u6848\u624d\u9996\u6b21\u6d89\u53ca\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7164\u70ad\u7684\u7981\u8fd0\uff1b2022\u5e746\u6708\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u8f6e\u65b9\u6848\u5f15\u5165\u5bf9\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7981\u8fd0\uff08\u5bf9\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u8c41\u514d\uff09\uff1b\u76f4\u81f32022\u5e7410\u6708\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u8f6e\u65b9\u6848\u624d\u5b9e\u73b0\u77f3\u6cb9\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite efforts made by the EU to reduce dependence on Russian gas, some countries continue to receive significant volumes indirectly. Austria&#8217;s pipeline imports from Russia increased to 98%, while Russian gas is being routed through Azerbaijan and Turkey to meet EU demands. Deals with Azerbaijan entail infrastructure that is partly held by Lukoil in Russia, and the country itself depends more on imports from Russia to meet its own needs. The gas deals that Romania and Hungary have with Turkey most likely involve Russian gas. Furthermore, a few nations, including France and Austria, have long-term agreements with Russian energy suppliers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the end, the first sanctions on Russian gas were approved by the EU only in June 2024. However, even after that, the majority of Russia\u2019s liquid natural gas (LNG) exports to the EU remain unaffected by the sanctions. Instead, the measures prohibit EU ports from reselling Russian LNG upon arrival and obstruct funding for Russia&#8217;s proposed LNG installations in the Arctic and Baltic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7eff\u8272\u8f6c\u578b\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5417\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In recent decades, the energy transition, which is characterized by a shift from fossil fuels to renewable and low-carbon energy sources, has become an important climate change mitigation strategy. The European Climate Law sets objectives of meeting the 2050 climate neutrality objective and a 55% reduction of net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2030. The war showed not only that the EU and European countries need to choose reliable partners for the provision of strategically important resources. It showed that climate neutrality by 2050 is both a necessity to slow down climate change and a thorough way to ensure&nbsp;the security of the EU. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u80fd\u6e90\u8f6c\u578b\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u6b27\u76df\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5df2\u6269\u5927\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u8f6c\u5411\u6e05\u6d01\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e76\u5de9\u56fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u679c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u6216\u8fc5\u901f\u9632\u8303\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"798\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26493\" style=\"width:686px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-5.png 798w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-5-600x451.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-5-768x577.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-5-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9274\u4e8e\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6b64\u7c7b\u91cd\u8981\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u4f19\u4f34\u65f6\u5e94\u975e\u5e38\u8c28\u614e\u3002\u5bf9\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u4f9b\u5e94\u56fd\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u53ef\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7eff\u8272\u80fd\u6e90\u6240\u9700\u8d44\u6e90\u4f9b\u5e94\u56fd\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7a00\u571f\u91d1\u5c5e\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u5de5\u4e1a\u5177\u6709\u6218\u7565\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u77ff\u4ea7\u50a8\u91cf\u3002\u6b27\u76df\u5df2\u4e0e\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u667a\u5229\u3001\u521a\u679c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3001\u683c\u9675\u5170\u3001\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u3001\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u632a\u5a01\u3001\u5362\u65fa\u8fbe\u3001\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u548c\u8d5e\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5efa\u7acb\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u67e5\u770b\u4e0b\u56fe\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u51b2\u7a81\u5f71\u54cd\u6216\u5377\u5165\u8d38\u6613\u6218\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u521a\u679c\u6216\u571f\u8033\u5176\u2014\u2014\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u7eff\u8272\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b49\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5bf9\u5173\u952e\u77ff\u4ea7\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6b63\u4ee5\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4e89\u593a\u667a\u5229\u6216\u683c\u9675\u5170\u4fbf\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ade\u9010\u7684\u751f\u52a8\u4f8b\u8bc1\u30022023\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u4e0e\u667a\u5229\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u805a\u7126\u5173\u952e\u6750\u6599\u548c\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u7684\u8c05\u89e3\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u52a0\u5f3a\u5408\u4f5c\u300212\u6708\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5c31\u4e00\u9879\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8054\u7cfb\u534f\u5b9a\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u667a\u5229\u56e0\u591a\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u76df\u6781\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u575a\u5b9a\u575a\u6301\u591a\u8fb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u5f3a\u70c8\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u65e0\u78b3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2023\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u4e0e\u683c\u9675\u5170\u5c31\u5173\u952e\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5efa\u7acb\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u683c\u9675\u5170\u9996\u5e9c\u5f00\u8bbe\u65b0\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u3002\u683c\u9675\u5170\u603b\u7406\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u666e\u00b7\u57c3\u683c\u5fb7\u4e0e\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e4c\u5c14\u82cf\u62c9\u00b7\u51af\u5fb7\u83b1\u6069\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e24\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u805a\u7126\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u5173\u952e\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u62e8\u6b3e2200\u4e07\u6b27\u5143\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u6d89\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u4e3a\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b7100\u4e07\u6b27\u5143\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e4c\u5c14\u82cf\u62c9\u00b7\u51af\u5fb7\u83b1\u6069\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u6240\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u5bf9\u683c\u9675\u5170\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u683c\u9675\u5170\u62e5\u6709\u7d27\u4fcf\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4e14\u5730\u7f18\u6218\u7565\u4f4d\u7f6e\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"679\" height=\"791\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26494\" style=\"width:495px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-6.png 679w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-6-515x600.png 515w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-6-10x12.png 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 679px) 100vw, 679px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u80fd\u6e90\u6765\u6e90 <\/em><br><em>\uff082021\u5e7411\u6708\u20132022\u5e7411\u6708\uff09<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another reliable and almost ideal partner in the EU&#8217;s green transition could be Norway. In Norway, 98% of electricity is produced from renewable energy sources, and the source of most of it at the moment is hydropower. In general, the situation with this country is particularly interesting since it is now the world&#8217;s fifth oil exporter and the world&#8217;s third natural gas exporter. As mentioned earlier, it is currently the leading supplier of gas and oil to the EU. However, with a huge potential to increase, it aims to become a green power plant for the EU. This country is a pioneer in carbon capture and storage research and is also investing in battery manufacturing, hydrogen and pure ammonia projects, and renewable energy technologies such as offshore wind and solar panels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd8\u503c\u5f97\u63d0\u53ca\u6b27\u76df\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u529b\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5404\u7c7b\u80fd\u6e90\u8f7d\u4f53\u5360\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u8377\u5170\u548c\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u5929\u7136\u6c14\uff1b\u6ce2\u5170\u3001\u6377\u514b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u662f\u56fa\u4f53\u71c3\u6599\uff1b\u6cd5\u56fd\u662f\u6838\u80fd\uff1b\u745e\u5178\u3001\u4e39\u9ea6\u3001\u82ac\u5170\u548c\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7684\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u5360\u6bd4\u6700\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Member states started to re-evaluate their energy policies in order to find domestic reserves that would allow them to improve their own energy security. While some countries focused on doubling down on renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, and other measures with the potential to reduce the share of fossil fuels in the EU&#8217;s energy mix, several member states, being in a critical situation, had no other choice but to choose coal as a suitable solution. For example, Germany restored a significant capacity of coal-fired electricity generation. Austria, the Czech Republic, and the Netherlands also started considering coal as a crucial energy security element<strong>.&nbsp; <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EU countries with substantial fossil fuel reserves should not be allowed to rely on these resources indefinitely under the assumption that it ensures their energy independence and security. This creates the risk that some countries would begin not to diversify their energy sources but just replace them with similar or even greater polluters of the atmosphere. It can become a reality for Poland, where in 2022, thanks to domestic reserves, 70% of electricity was generated from coal, and the conservative government was clearly not very ambitious about the transition. However, in the first seven months of 2024, this country demonstrated very positive results. Thanks to the arrival of the new government of Donald Tusk, the situation began to change rapidly, and in July, the share of coal reached a monthly minimum of 53%. It is interesting how the situation with electricity in this country will develop in the future, as the previous administration&#8217;s procrastination on climate action will definitely complicate matters. In addition, the Polish energy and climate research group Forum Energii recently disheartened that the country&#8217;s energy transition is still largely driven by market forces and reforms that remove barriers to clean energy developers rather than a concerted push from the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following the adoption of the Climate Law and most of the \u2018fit for 55\u2019 legislative revisions, member states had to update their national energy and climate plans. The 2030 EU Climate Law target is binding at the EU level. Its achievement, however, depends on the success of plans and measures at the national level across a range of policy areas. And here, accordingly, another problem arises \u2013 the pace of the green transition in all countries is very different; for example,&nbsp;the countries of Eastern Europe have much lower indicators compared to the successes of Northern or Western ones. Accordingly, the EU should provide assistance to these countries that would facilitate the transition and significantly improve the overall performance of the EU. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, there were also some misunderstandings between major European countries over energy sources. Particularly, tensions between France and Germany over nuclear power. Currently, approximately 70% of France&#8217;s electricity is generated from nuclear power, and under Emmanuel Macron&#8217;s plan, it will only increase. While in Germany, this source of electricity was completely banned and still causes a lot of opposition. Additional challenges may be caused by the fact that the new European Parliament elected in 2024 is less \u201cgreen\u201d compared to the previous one, as the Green Party received 53 seats compared to the previous 70. Additionally, a lack of coordination at the EU level resulted in most agreements with new energy partners being negotiated independently by member states. As a result, some contracts for fossil fuel supplies extend until 2050 or beyond, contradicting the EU Green Deal&#8217;s objective of achieving carbon neutrality by that time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u6c14\u5019\u5916\u4ea4\u662f\u8f6f\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5bf9\u5851\u9020\u6b27\u76df\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u59cb\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u4ee5\u7164\u70ad\u548c\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u5e76\u65e8\u5728\u9632\u6b62\u6b27\u6d32\u4e3b\u8981\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d70\u5b8c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u529b\u4e89\u52302050\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eff\u8272\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u80fd\u6e90\u72ec\u7acb\u5e76\u518d\u6b21\u52a0\u5f3a\u81ea\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u578b\u5c06\u4f53\u73b0\u4e00\u573a\u4f1f\u5927\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Addressing the current situation in the EU and its members&#8217; gas needs, Ukraine has the potential to play a significant role in enhancing Europe\u2019s energy security. Ukraine&#8217;s position offers an opportunity to help Europe reduce its dependence on Russian energy supplies. With the largest underground gas storage facilities in Europe, Ukraine even provided valuable storage capacity for EU companies last year. Currently, Europe&#8217;s gas storage facilities are over 90% full. \u201cWe can offer our partners enough free space in Ukrainian storage facilities to store their gas,\u201d stated Oleksii Chernyshov, CEO of NJSC Naftogaz. However, the ongoing shelling of Ukrainian territory by Russia raises concerns among European partners regarding the reliability of this option. Ukraine, nevertheless, emphasizes its capacity to provide storage while stressing the need for additional measures to protect its energy infrastructure from attacks and to strengthen air defense systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u9502\u50a8\u91cf\u3002\u9502\u662f\u7eff\u8272\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u91d1\u5c5e\uff1b\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7684\u9502\u50a8\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\u53ef\u5360\u5168\u7403\u768410%\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9502\u77ff\u5e8a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4e1c\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u77ff\u5e8a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u88ab\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5360\u9886\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u9502\u77ff\u5e8a\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ece\u7c7b\u4f3c\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u9502\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u4ea7\u9502\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u51fa\u552e\u77ff\u77f3\u7cbe\u77ff\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u50a8\u91cf\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\"><strong>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6b27\u76df\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u80fd\u6e90\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u969c\u788d\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6b27\u76df\u5e94\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5207\u65ad\u4e0e\u957f\u671f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u80fd\u6e90\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4ecd\u7136\u590d\u6742\u3002\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u95f4\u9006\u8f6c\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u6b63\u7740\u529b\u63d0\u9ad8\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u5411\u897f\u975e\u3001\u4e2d\u4e9a\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u632a\u5a01\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u80fd\u6e90\u6765\u6e90\u591a\u5143\u5316\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u4ed8\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4ece\u6b27\u76df\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u4e2d\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9664\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u80fd\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, the continued purchase of Russian fossil fuels directly finances the conflict in Ukraine, diminishing the impact of Western aid. This makes urgent and decisive action essential. The green transition offers the only long-term solution, and its success depends on the EU\u2019s ability to secure reliable new partners. Accelerating this transition will not only enhance Europe&#8217;s energy security but also contribute to broader geopolitical stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><strong><em>\u514d\u8d23\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u672c\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u610f\u89c1\u4ec5\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u5176\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6216\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6216\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u573a<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key Takeaways Russia has been waging a full-scale war against Ukraine for three years now. The democratic states of the West are united in their support of Ukraine, providing various types of aid. While unprecedented sanctions were imposed on Russia, energy remains the weak spot of the EU due to its dependence on Russia\u2019s energy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":26489,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59,13,58],"tags":[],"topic":[97,91,84],"class_list":["post-26487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eng-central-eastern-europe","category-en-analyses","category-eng-western-europe","topic-energy","topic-eu","topic-russia"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>European Energy Policy and Security in Light of Russia\u2019s War in Ukraine - Transatlantic Dialogue Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the EU\u2019s efforts to reduce dependence on Russian energy, the role of Ukraine\u2019s resources, and the urgent need for a green transition to ensure energy security.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/zh\/2024\/11\/07\/european-energy-policy-and-security-in-light-of-russias-war-in-ukraine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"European Energy Policy and Security in Light of Russia\u2019s War in Ukraine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Transatlantic Dialogue Center (TDC) is a non-governmental and non-partisan think tank that provides high-quality policy advice to private and public clients. 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