{"id":20732,"date":"2023-11-16T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=20732"},"modified":"2025-08-05T13:27:30","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T10:27:30","slug":"a-saga-of-the-black-sea-grain-initiative","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/uk\/2023\/11\/16\/a-saga-of-the-black-sea-grain-initiative\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-quick-download-button-download-button aligncenter qdbn-wrapper\"><div class=\"qdbn\" data-plugin-name=\"qdbn\" data-style=\"small\" data-file=\"hide-file\" data-size=\"hide-size\"><div class=\"qdbn-download-button-inner\"><button type=\"button\" data-button-type=\"small\" class=\"g-btn f-l\" style=\"background-color:#0e107b;color:#ffffff;border-radius:25px;border:1px solid #e2e2e2\" data-attachment-id=\"39342\" data-page-id=\"18850\" data-post-id=\"\" data-have-external=\"false\" data-external-url=\"\" data-wait-duration=\"0\" data-target-blank=\"true\" data-msg=\"Please wait...\" data-member=\"0\" data-has-icon-dark=\"false\" title=\"\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0438 PDF \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e\"><span class=\"download-btn-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M18 11.3l-1-1.1-4 4V3h-1.5v11.3L7 10.2l-1 1.1 6.2 5.8 5.8-5.8zm.5 3.7v3.5h-13V15H4v5h16v-5h-1.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0438 PDF \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e<\/span><\/button><p class=\"up\" style=\"background:transparent;border-radius:0\"><i class=\"fi fi-pdf\"><\/i><\/p><p class=\"down\" style=\"background:transparent;border-radius:0\"><i class=\"fi-folder-o\"><\/i><span class=\"file-size\">2 MB<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><quick-download-button-info class=\"qdb-btn-info\"><\/quick-download-button-info><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-key-takeaways\">\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/strong>: The Black Sea Grain Initiative&#8217;s suspension underscores the strategic importance of Ukrainian grain exports in the global market. The suspension has caused significant economic implications, not just for Ukraine but for the global market, intensifying inflationary pressures and affecting commodity trade.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432<\/strong>: The halt of grain exports from one of the world&#8217;s largest producers has exacerbated the global food crisis, particularly affecting countries dependent on UN food programs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0438<\/strong>: Russia&#8217;s involvement in the suspension reveals a calculated use of grain export dynamics to pursue its own interests, influencing global grain prices and leveraging its position in the war.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>: Despite the suspension, Ukraine&#8217;s exploration of alternative routes and temporary solutions showcases its resilience and determination to maintain its role in the global grain market.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438<\/strong>: \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0454\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0448\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0443.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0428\u0438\u0440\u0448\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438<\/strong>: \u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0443 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0439 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1244\" height=\"431\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20734\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-8.png 1244w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-8-600x208.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-8-1024x355.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-8-768x266.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-8-18x6.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1244px) 100vw, 1244px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u0456\u0434 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0456\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0439\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0456\u043d\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044e\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448-\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c. \u0423\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u044f\u043a \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0445\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0454 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430. \u0423 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0439\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0437 \u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u043a. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u041c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0457\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0456. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-footnote-the-grain-market-nbsp\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0430: \u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430&nbsp; <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let&#8217;s take a quick look at the trends of the grain market before and after the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Two groups of commodities are usually considered in this regard: grains themselves and fertilizers. Grains play an important role in the food market stability because they are at the center of all price chains. According to the FAO, it is their shortage that caused the greatest levels of acute food insecurity in 2019-2020. Among many aspects that influence pricing in this area, fertilizers play a decisive role. The fact that in many least-developed countries imports of fertilizers prevail over production leads to greater market volatility. The prices of grains and fertilizers have already surged before 2022 as a result of the pandemic effects. The situation has been worsened by the extremes of climate change, as low production levels resulting from floods and droughts have mostly affected the countries experiencing acute food insecurity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both Russia and Ukraine are among the top 10 exporters of crops, with Russia being the main exporter of wheat (with a share of around 14% of global exports) and Ukraine being the main exporter of sunflower oil (with a share of around 40% of global exports). Russia is also the biggest exporter of fertilizers, with gas ammonia among the top 5 related export items. Russia is a world leader in ammonia exports, and this gas constitutes an important share of Russia&#8217;s agricultural revenues, being the 4th most important fertilizer. The key infrastructure for ammonia transportation is the Togliatti-Odesa pipeline, the world&#8217;s longest ammonia pipeline. It stopped working after the start of the war. The launch of war has determined the overall challenges that the world food market will have to face in the coming years. While Ukraine is unable to harvest crops at the pre-war level and maintain stable grain supplies, Russia faces limitations on its exports. To tackle the problems, a mutually acceptable bargain had to be made.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1048\" height=\"590\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20735\" style=\"width:666px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-9.png 1048w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-9-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-9-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-9-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-9-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1048px) 100vw, 1048px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-brief-history-of-the-grain-deal\"><strong>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 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\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0456\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0447\u043e\u0457 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0422\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430.<\/strong> As for Turkey, the establishment of the route posed an opportunity to once again present itself as a separate leading power in the region. For some years Ankara tried to distance itself from the West. The possibility to act as one of the key mediators between Ukraine and Russia could enhance the country&#8217;s image and allow maneuvers (e.g., to evade sanctions). That\u2019s why Turkey became a crucial advocate of the agreement. It also explains why Turkey is so desperate to revive the work of the corridor as it was (including Russia as a party to the document).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f.<\/strong> \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044e \u0413\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0435\u0448 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043e\u044e, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u044e \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443. \u0417\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0454\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0456 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u043e\u044e, \u0456 \u041a\u0438\u0454\u0432\u043e\u043c. \u0412\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0456. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"503\" height=\"343\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20736\" style=\"width:415px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-10.png 503w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-10-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0406\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0421\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/em><br><em> \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0443 (JCC). \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e: \u041e\u041e\u041d<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the end, the Grain Deal Initiative was the result of third parties&#8217; efforts. The initiative took the form of two separate agreements (Ukraine\/Turkey\/UN and Russia\/Turkey\/UN). The parties refused to view a temporary truce and demining of selected ports as conditions. Instead, the Joint Coordination Centre (comprising representatives of Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey) was established in Istanbul to monitor the cargo routes and conduct inspections<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0456\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 (\u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a, \u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439), \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u2014 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0454\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0457\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0457. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0439 \u0491\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456 (\u0449\u043e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0457). \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e. \u0429\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0457 \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0438<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\"><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0443. \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434 \u0456\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0417 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0456\u043c\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0443 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d, \u0449\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u044f\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0456. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u043c \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432 \u0456\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0447\u043e\u0457 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0437\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430. \u0429\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u044e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0436\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u043e\u044e, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u043c \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"874\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20737\" style=\"width:670px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-11.png 874w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-11-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-11-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-11-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 874px) 100vw, 874px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436 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\u0428\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0404\u0421 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0443\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u2019\u044f\u043a\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u043c\u0456\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u00ab\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044f\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u2014 \u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0430<strong>\u201d. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0456\u044e \u0437 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0443 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\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0447\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0432\u0441\u0456\u0445\u00bb (\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438) \u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u044e.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0426\u0456 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0417\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 WFP, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e 400 \u043c\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u044f\u0433 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434 2022\u20132023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u0417\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0431\u043e\u0457, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0429\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0456\u043d \u00ab\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u00bb \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0433\u043d\u044e. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d. \u041e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0454 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0437 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That\u2019s why claims regarding the commercialization of the corridor are irrelevant. Likewise, the final destination was not determined as the decisive prerequisite for calling the corridor \u201chumanitarian\u201d when the treaty was designed. Though generally speaking, Ukraine has devoted an adequate share of its exports to the least developed countries. According to the UN data, Ukraine exported 57% of its grain to developing nations, and these figures include 20% of exports to low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Later President Zelenskyi announced a special program \u201cGrain from Ukraine\u201d as a separate humanitarian food program directed specifically at the least secure countries in Africa. The idea behind both narratives is to discredit Ukraine\u2019s efforts and use its damaged image as a favorable background for Russia&#8217;s actions and reputation.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"872\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20738\" style=\"width:691px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-12.png 872w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-12-600x337.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-12-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-12-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 872px) 100vw, 872px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0430\u043c\u0456\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u00ab\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044f\u0442\u0442\u0456\u2014\u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0430\u00bb. \u0417\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, 7 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f, \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e. \u0406\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0437\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0456. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438, 17 \u043b\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044f, \u0421\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0456. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436 \u0434\u043d\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0456\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0443. \u0426\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d. \u041d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438 \u0437\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u00bb \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0456 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u044f\u043a \u0446\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0456\u043d, \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0454\u044e. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"625\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20739\" style=\"width:462px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-13.png 625w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-13-600x398.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-13-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption translation-block\"><em>\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438<\/em><br><em>\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0443 19 \u043b\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044f 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443. \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e: <\/em><br><em>\u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, despite Russia&#8217;s claims that the grain deal didn&#8217;t appear to be beneficial for it at all, the figures show the opposite. Unlike Ukraine, whose revenue from agricultural exports decreased by 15%, Russia\u2019s earnings weren&#8217;t even stalled. According to the Russian Agriculture Ministry&#8217;s Agroexport Center, they increased by 18%. The truth is, from the very beginning Russians perceived the treaty as a hidden instrument of manipulation. The termination of the treaty was regularly used for blackmailing Ukraine and as a way to achieve new stakes during negotiations rather than for a constructive decision based on statistics. This time, new priorities were sounded by Putin right after the termination of the treaty: the resumption of the Togliatti-Odessa ammonia pipeline and the reconnection of Russian banks to SWIFT. The first would increase Russian revenue from diversified selling of fertilizers, the second would possibly undermine EU sanctions<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423\u0436\u0435 18 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0434\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0443, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043a. 19 \u043b\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0429\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456? \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0454 \u0434\u0456\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0443 (\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0442\u043e\u044e, \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443), \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0446\u044e \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u043a \u0431\u043b\u0435\u0444. \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0417\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0456 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0454\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0456 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0456\u0437 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0454\u044e. \u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 BILD, \u0449\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0456\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0456\u043a \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e SWIFT, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0404\u0421 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456 \u0441\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f \u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0443 2023 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0406\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044e WFP, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e 80% \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0456 WFP. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0456 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0456\u043a, \u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u044f\u043a \u0404\u0421 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e SWIFT \u0434\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transit routes via Poland and Romania were among the first suggested substitute routes functioning prior to the Black Sea initiative. The operation of the aforementioned passages received high support from the EU: in spring it took the first steps to lift all duties and quotas on Ukrainian agricultural products and devised the Solidarity Lanes Action Plan to develop transport infrastructure. During the first months of the war, these decisions contributed to the mitigation of the domestic economic crisis in Ukraine, as they offered the way from Ukraine to European ports. However, after several months of work, the first dissatisfied European farmers started to voice their concerns. The decision to lift restrictions on Ukrainian exports under the instant zero-duty policy of the EU, accompanied by speculations about cheaper Ukrainian products, led to a short adaptation period of neighboring countries\u2019 markets. The grievance reached its climax when Poland and Hungary imposed unilateral restrictions on Ukraine\u2019s exports, followed by the same move in the name of Slovakia, Bulgaria, and later Romania. To address the issue, the European Commission had to impose &#8220;exceptional safeguard measures&#8221; on the Ukrainian export of \u201csensitive products\u201d (wheat, corn, rapeseed, sunflower seeds) to neighboring states. To prevent the piling up of agricultural commodities in those countries, the EU introduced regulations allowing only direct transit via five frontline Member States. To mitigate the crisis, Ukraine has already introduced licensing of its grain exports to five countries and together with Poland and Lithuania agreed to transfer control of agricultural cargo from the Ukrainian-Polish border to a Lithuanian port to reduce the pressure on the Polish transfer capacity. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"888\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20740\" style=\"width:726px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-14.png 888w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-14-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-14-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-14-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 888px) 100vw, 888px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0414\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e: VOA. *\u0424\u0456\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The detrimental impact of Ukraine&#8217;s exports on the economy of neighboring countries seems to become a solid obstacle that will impede the fostering of the work of grain corridors in the future. Since Ukraine strives to increase exports from European ports, the problem of where to store huge amounts of grain remains relevant. Although the EU has already lifted restrictions under certain conditions, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia have extended the embargo. The situation remains tense as Ukraine puts a complaint to the WTO against those states. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0404\u0421 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0449\u0435 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0437\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0456 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0456 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0442\u0430 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430, \u0454 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0420\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0456\u0457. \u0426\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0437 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u2014 \u0420\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0456\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0454 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442. \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u043e\u043c \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445. \u0426\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0454 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0430 \u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d. \u041f\u043e-\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0456 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044f. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0406\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0457\u043b \u0456 \u0420\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456, \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043d\u043e \u0437 \u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449). \u041f\u043e-\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0454, \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0439 \u2014 \u0432\u0443\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0447\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u0436 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d. \u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0440\u0448\u0443\u0454 \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u044f\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0457 \u0437\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0423 \u0441\u0443\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0446\u0456 \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0427\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"573\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20741\" style=\"width:443px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-15.png 573w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-15-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It&#8217;s important to mention that since the termination of the Black Sea agreement Ukraine was determined to continue the work of the grain corridor without Russia. Thus, in consultation with the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the country began devising an alternative corridor in the Black Sea for merchant vessels. The launch of the corridor&#8217;s operation was announced in August and despite concerns, there have already been several cases of successful evacuation of ships stuck in Ukraine&#8217;s port since February 24. On top of that, the first civilian ships passed through the temporary corridor to the port of Chornomorsk in September. After the above-mentioned cases, some Western countries offered their assistance in ensuring the corridor&#8217;s operation. In particular, English Lloyd\u2019s of London insurer has been devising strategies to cover grain ships traveling, while Germany has promised to supply air defense systems to protect the grain corridors. In the same month, Ukraine proposed Turkey and Romania establish a new framework for the corridor\u2019s work without Russia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435, \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 24 \u0436\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043d\u044f \u0446\u0438\u043c \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f 45 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d, \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 25 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u0448\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0437\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438), \u0446\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0457. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u0423\u0441\u0456 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0457\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0423\u0441\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0456 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0417\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0443 2022 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456, \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0456\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0457. \u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0456, \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0457 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0412\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All in all, the Grain Initiative has lasted for over one year and proved to be effective. It is critical not only for relieving hunger and reducing prices but also for keeping the Ukrainian economy on its toes. Although several proposals offering alternative routes were made, most of them have notable drawbacks compared to the Grain Deal. Ukrainian export appeared to be a complex issue, the nature of solutions to which is significantly influenced by the interests of neighboring states. In general, it seems that in order to raise the confidence of foreign businessmen and states in the safety of humanitarian passages, Moscow&#8217;s agreement for the vessels&#8217; passage is highly desirable. That is why the renewal of the existing deal with specified revisions is more preferred than Ukraine&#8217;s new proposal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0429\u043e \u0436 \u0434\u043e \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0456\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435, \u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043a \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0439. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0439 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u043b\u044f\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u041a\u0438\u0454\u0432\u0443, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0456\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0454 \u0446\u0456\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438. \u041e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u0457 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0456\u043b\u044c \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0431 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e. \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443, \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0456 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f, \u0456 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430, \u0454 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0443\u0447\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0443. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><em>Disclaimer: The views, thoughts, and opinions expressed in the papers published on this site belong solely to the authors, and not necessarily to the Transatlantic Dialogue Center, its committees, or its affiliated organizations. The papers are intended to stimulate dialogue and discussion and do not represent official policy positions of the Transatlantic Dialogue Center or any other organizations the authors may be associated with<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key Takeaways From extreme oil prices to the migration crisis, the war in Ukraine caused severe upheavals in numerous areas all over the world. Gradually, the international community finds ways to limit the impact of negative factors on global stability. However, the shifting reality makes it difficult to find more or less lasting solutions. As [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":20742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59,13],"tags":[],"topic":[90,115,84,87,86],"class_list":["post-20732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eng-central-eastern-europe","category-en-analyses","topic-economy","topic-resilience","topic-russia","topic-security","topic-ukraine"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Saga of the Black Sea Grain Initiative - Transatlantic Dialogue Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The suspension of the Black Sea Grain Initiative impacts global food security, inflates prices, and highlights Ukraine\u2019s resilience in the face of Russian maneuvers.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/uk\/2023\/11\/16\/a-saga-of-the-black-sea-grain-initiative\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"uk_UA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Saga of the Black Sea Grain Initiative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Transatlantic Dialogue Center (TDC) is a non-governmental and non-partisan think tank that provides high-quality policy advice to private and public clients. 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