{"id":4977,"date":"2022-05-18T16:59:14","date_gmt":"2022-05-18T13:59:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=4977"},"modified":"2025-08-21T14:43:35","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T11:43:35","slug":"the-embargo-on-russian-hydrocarbons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/it\/2022\/05\/18\/the-embargo-on-russian-hydrocarbons\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019embargo sugli idrocarburi russi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mentre l\u2019esercito russo bombarda l\u2019Ucraina e massacra i civili, l\u2019UE continua a trasferire ogni giorno alla Russia da mezzo miliardo a un miliardo di euro per le forniture di petrolio e gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Smettere di acquistare idrocarburi russi \u00e8 il modo pi\u00f9 rapido per privare Putin della capacit\u00e0 di finanziare una guerra in Europa. Questa decisione produrr\u00e0 anche i maggiori benefici economici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Europe&#8217;s indirect losses from Russia&#8217;s aggression against Ukraine are higher than direct ones from an embargo on Russian oil and gas. The EU can afford to impose this embargo immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I danni ai paesi europei di un divieto totale di importazioni energetiche dalla Russia saranno pari ad appena lo 0.2-0.3% del prodotto nazionale lordo. Ci\u00f2 significa una perdita media di 100 euro per ogni adulto europeo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il costo dell\u2019embargo tedesco sull\u2019energia russa varia tra lo 0.5 e il 3% del PIL, ovvero circa EUR 120-1200 pro capite: una recessione moderata, inferiore alle ricadute economiche del COVID.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il governo tedesco dispone di risorse finanziarie sufficienti per sostenere i consumatori tedeschi, sovvenzionando i maggiori costi dell\u2019energia proveniente da fonti alternative e compensando l\u2019impatto negativo sulla produzione e sul mercato del lavoro, come avvenuto durante la recessione da COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Russia rappresenta appena il 3% delle importazioni tedesche, mentre la guerra in corso in Europa sconvolge catene e processi produttivi, finora soprattutto nell\u2019Europa orientale, che rappresenta una quota significativa del commercio europeo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By imposing an embargo immediately, the EU economies will be able to quickly adapt and finally get rid of dependence on Russian fossil fuels, which will remove Europe\u2019s vulnerability to Putin&#8217;s economic blackmail. An analysis by Bruegel Center (Brussels) suggests that next winter, Europe will be able to do without Russian gas and face only temporary issues as Russian oil and gas supplies are fully banned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d2n41s0wa71yzf.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/04142215\/bigstock-Oil-And-Gas-Drilling-Rig-Onsho-358761233-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Guinea-Bissau, Boosting Oil &amp; Gas and Industry Development While Promoting  Local Content\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rejection of the embargo entails much more costs. Putin&#8217;s war in Ukraine is, first of all, a human tragedy \u2013 and also an economic disaster for Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un\u2019aggressione russa prolungata contro l\u2019Ucraina comporter\u00e0 costi economici molto maggiori dell\u2019embargo energetico imposto alla Russia. L\u2019Europa affronta la pi\u00f9 grande crisi di rifugiati dalla Seconda guerra mondiale. Il numero dei rifugiati ha gi\u00e0 superato i 4 milioni e continua a crescere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ai prezzi attuali del petrolio, la Russia risolver\u00e0 i suoi problemi fiscali e di bilancia dei pagamenti. Le entrate da petrolio e gas sono la spina dorsale del bilancio russo. Nel 2021, con prezzi del petrolio molto pi\u00f9 bassi, le imposte dirette sugli idrocarburi rappresentavano il 40% del bilancio russo, con rilevanti entrate indirette dall\u2019imposta sul reddito delle societ\u00e0, dall\u2019imposta sul reddito delle persone fisiche e dall\u2019IVA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019assenza di un embargo europeo formale offre a Putin una luce in fondo al tunnel. Sperando in una soluzione a medio termine al problema delle entrate petrolifere, \u00e8 incentivato a proseguire la guerra. Il bilancio russo \u00e8 in pareggio a $44 al barile. Se le entrate da petrolio e gas continueranno ad affluire, la Russia avr\u00e0 un avanzo di bilancio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il denaro proveniente dall\u2019estero che Putin ricava dalle risorse naturali russe viene gi\u00e0 utilizzato, e continuer\u00e0 a esserlo, per portare avanti la guerra in Europa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le entrate da petrolio e gas saranno utilizzate per assoldare mercenari provenienti da paesi terzi e acquistare componenti essenziali per i sistemi militari russi che non vengono prodotti nel paese. Inoltre, Putin cercher\u00e0 di utilizzare questi proventi per seminare caos e divisioni in Europa, cos\u00ec da migliorare la propria posizione negoziale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Senza entrate dall\u2019esportazione di risorse naturali, il bilancio russo registrer\u00e0 un deficit. Putin dovr\u00e0 ridurre le indennit\u00e0 militari o stampare pi\u00f9 moneta. L\u2019inflazione \u00e8 gi\u00e0 molto elevata (2% a settimana) e l\u2019embargo sulle esportazioni la accelerer\u00e0 notevolmente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depletion of forex earnings, coupled with higher inflation, will undermine Putin&#8217;s ability to maintain the purchasing power of salaries in his security sector, as well as those of lawmakers and propaganda pundits \u2013 all of whom are key pillars of his repressive regime. This will make further foreign military aggression unsustainable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Complete reorientation of exports to China and elsewhere is deemed impossible given the constraints of transport infrastructure and the size of the European market, which accounts for half of Russia&#8217;s oil exports and three-quarters of Russia&#8217;s gas exports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019embargo \u00e8 un imperativo economico che priver\u00e0 Putin delle risorse finanziarie per continuare la guerra. Qualsiasi altra opzione politica sarebbe molto pi\u00f9 costosa e pericolosa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019embargo sulle risorse energetiche russe sar\u00e0 la dimostrazione definitiva dell\u2019unit\u00e0 delle nazioni occidentali. L\u2019embargo dovr\u00e0 restare in vigore finch\u00e9 la Russia non fornir\u00e0 garanzie credibili che escludano ulteriori aggressioni contro l\u2019Ucraina o altri paesi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While the Russian army is bombing Ukraine and massacring civilians, the EU keeps transferring half a billion to a billion euros to Russia daily, paying for oil and gas supplies. Ceasing purchases of Russian hydrocarbons is the quickest way to strip Putin of the capacity to finance a war in Europe. This decision will also [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4982,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,31],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-4977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-en-analyses","category-ger-analyses"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The embargo on Russian hydrocarbons | TDC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"While the Russian army is bombing Ukraine and massacring civilians, the EU keeps transferring half a billion to a billion euros to Russia daily.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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