{"id":34506,"date":"2026-02-12T11:31:48","date_gmt":"2026-02-12T09:31:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=34506"},"modified":"2026-07-04T12:02:17","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T09:02:17","slug":"managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/hi\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928: \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a, \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-quick-download-button-download-button aligncenter 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\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921, \u0930\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0935\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e-\u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f&nbsp;<strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u201c<strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\u201d \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u092e&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947&nbsp;<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e-\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f 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\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"417\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-1024x417.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Managing the Skies: Europe, Russia, and the Politics of Airspace Protection over Ukraine\" class=\"wp-image-34508\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.4556915768317196;width:728px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-1024x417.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-600x244.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1.png 1244w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0942\u091c\u093c \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/en\/what-we-do\/deterrence-and-defence\/strengthening-natos-eastern-flank\">\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947<\/a> \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0902\u0926\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e-\u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092c \u0905\u092a\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u201c\u092e\u0947\u0902\u201d \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u091a\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0927\u0941\u0902\u0927\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940, \u0907\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0917\u0936\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0930\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u201c\u092c\u0902\u0926\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u201d \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u201c\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0935\u091a\u201d \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935-\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u091c\u0941\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mapping-the-scope-of-russian-aerial-incursions\"><strong>\u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/poland-says-two-drones-enter-airspace-cause-no-damage-2025-09-04\/\">\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/romania-searching-possible-drone-fragments-after-russian-attack-ukraine-2024-09-08\/\">\u0930\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/a>, \u0914\u0930<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/russian-drone-that-crashed-latvia-carried-explosives-latvian-military-says-2024-09-09\/\">\u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915<\/a>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u2014\u091c\u094b \u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/finland-summons-russian-ambassador-over-suspected-airspace-violation-2025-05-26\/\">\u092b\u093f\u0928\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/russian-plane-violated-swedish-airspace-friday-military-says-2024-06-15\/\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0921\u0928<\/a>, \u0914\u0930<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/norway-says-russia-violated-its-airspace-three-times-2025-2025-09-23\/\">\u0928\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947<\/a>\u0928\u0947 \u091f\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0942 \u091c\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/turkey-says-it-downs-uncontrolled-drone-over-black-sea-2025-12-16\/\">\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0905\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/a>\u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/belgium-enlists-foreign-forces-combat-drone-incursions-2025-11-10\/\">\u092c\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091c\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/a>\u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0964 \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/moldova-says-two-russian-decoy-drones-crashed-its-territory-2024-11-10\/\">\u092e\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0935\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e-\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u091d\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/a>\u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092e\u0932\u092c\u093e \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"941\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Managing the Skies: Europe, Russia, and the Politics of Airspace Protection over Ukraine\" class=\"wp-image-34511\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.441093687173301;width:556px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3.png 941w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3-600x416.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3-768x533.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 941px) 100vw, 941px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-heavily-affected-european-countries\"><strong><em>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u091d\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0935\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/expert-comment\/acled-data-show-least-50-instances-airspace-violations-countries-ukraines-western\">\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/a> \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0917\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e-\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947; \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0932\u092c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e-\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0925\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e-\u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948; \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/military-object-found-polish-forest-was-russian-missile-media-2023-05-10\/\">\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/a>\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u0930\u0939 \u0917\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0942\u091c\u093c \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/poland-downs-drones-after-its-airspace-is-violated-2025-09-10\/\">2025 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/a>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Moldova, though militarily neutral and outside NATO, has faced regular spillovers from Russian strikes against southwestern Ukraine. Russian drones and missiles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/moldova-says-russian-drones-entered-its-airspace-again-posing-aviation-threat-2025-11-29\/\">have crossed Moldovan airspace<\/a> or crashed on its territory on multiple occasions. Authorities have repeatedly closed airspace during active drone routes and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/moldova-says-three-russian-cruise-missiles-crossed-moldovan-air-space-2022-10-10\/\">summoned<\/a> Russian diplomats to protest violations. Lacking its own air defense systems, the country has relied on airspace monitoring, diplomatic pressure, and international visibility to manage the threat, consistently framing these incursions as unacceptable risks to civilians and national sovereignty.<br><br>Romania <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c80g7g5rmlno\">has reported<\/a> several cases of Russian drones breaching its airspace, particularly in the Danube region, with wreckage recovered on Romanian soil. Authorities have increased their air patrols and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/romania-summons-russian-charge-daffaires-over-drone-fragments-agerpres-2023-09-10\/\">summoned Russian<\/a> diplomats in response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/turkey-says-it-downs-uncontrolled-drone-over-black-sea-2025-12-16\/\">\u090f\u0915 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/a>\u091c\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0906 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e; \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935-\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/nato-member-estonia-says-three-russian-jets-violated-its-airspace-2025-09-19\/\">\u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u091c\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/a>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/nato-discuss-russian-airspace-violation-tuesday-officials-say-2025-09-21\/\">\u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/a>\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e-\u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0917\u0936\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930, \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/romanian-lawmakers-adopt-law-shoot-down-drones-breaching-airspace-2025-02-26\/\">\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/a>\u0914\u0930<a href=\"https:\/\/militarnyi.com\/en\/news\/lithuania-changes-laws-to-give-military-more-powers-to-fight-drones\/\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/a>\u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-moderately-affected-european-countries\"><strong><em>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u2014\u092b\u093f\u0928\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0921\u0928, \u0928\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091c\u093f\u092f\u092e\u2014\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092e\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0935\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/en\/finland-says-russian-military-aircraft-suspected-violating-its-airspace-2025-06-10\/\">\u092b\u093f\u0928\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921<\/a> \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/swedish-armed-forces-says-russian-fighter-jets-violated-swedish-airspace-2022-03-02\/\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0921\u0928<\/a> \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0947, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0928\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0932\u092d \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/norway-says-russia-violated-its-airspace-three-times-2025-2025-09-23\/\">\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/a>\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091c\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0928\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/belgium-investigates-flight-drones-over-military-base-2025-10-03\/\">\u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/a> \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0935 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927, \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935-\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-non-european-countries-affected\"><strong><em>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">\u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0909\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0935\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/skorea-scrambles-jets-china-russia-warplanes-enter-defence-zone-seoul-2023-12-14\/\">\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928<\/a> \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2024\/sep\/24\/japan-fighter-jets-russian-aircraft-airspace-violation\">\u090f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e<\/a> \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/chinese-russian-military-planes-entered-left-south-koreas-air-defence-zone-2025-12-09\/\"> \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940-\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928<\/a>, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.norad.mil\/Newsroom\/Press-Releases\/Article\/4314460\/norad-detects-and-tracks-russian-aircraft-operating-in-the-alaskan-air-defense\/\">\u0928\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/a> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0924\u0915, \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0915\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-weak-responses-are-structurally-rational\"><strong>\u201c\u0915\u092e\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0930\u201d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091d\u0941\u0902\u091d\u0932\u093e\u0939\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u091d\u0947\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0940 <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/romania-ukraine-nato-russia-war-drones-8a80bf6604bbd5506d1eef1358ddc9c2\">\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/a>\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u201c\u0915\u092e\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0930\u0940\u201d \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-1024x427.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Managing the Skies: Europe, Russia, and the Politics of Airspace Protection over Ukraine\" class=\"wp-image-34512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-1024x427.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-600x250.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4.png 1064w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>25 \u092e\u0908, 2025 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092d\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0938\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0930\u0941\u091f\u0947\u0964 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b: \u0915\u0947\u0928 \u0932\u093e \u0930\u0949\u0915<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/poland-backs-off-claim-drone-violated-airspace-during-russian-attack-ukraine-2024-09-05\/\">\u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e<\/a> \u0939\u0948 <strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e<\/strong>\u0964 \u0915\u0908 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0941\u0915-\u0930\u0941\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0914\u0930 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\u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948: 1938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0902\u0926\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u2014\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928-\u0928\u093f\u0937\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u2014\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0924\u093e, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0928\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0940\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u0948: \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928, \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u201c\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u201d \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092d\u091f\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0918\u091f\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e-\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0932\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930, \u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 <strong>\u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6-1024x464.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Managing the Skies: Europe, Russia, and the Politics of Airspace Protection over Ukraine\" class=\"wp-image-34514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6-1024x464.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6-600x272.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6-768x348.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6.png 1035w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f, \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0909\u0938 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930, \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 <a href=\"https:\/\/ua.usembassy.gov\/joint-statement-on-strengthening-ukraines-air-defenses\/\">\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/a> \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/shape.nato.int\/NSATU\/about-us\/about-us\">\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (NSATU)<\/a> \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.notion.so\/2e7ac956440280ccba6cd44ab4638c55\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 (PURL)<\/a> \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092d\u091f\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e 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\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935-\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923, \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u091c\u0941\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"535\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-8-1024x535.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Managing the Skies: Europe, Russia, and the Politics of Airspace Protection over Ukraine\" class=\"wp-image-34516\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.9142572283150547;width:732px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-8-1024x535.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-8-600x313.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-8-768x401.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-8-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-8.png 1049w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0928\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917 9 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908, 2024 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0949\u0936\u093f\u0902\u0917\u091f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 75\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964 REUTERS\/Yves Herman<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e-\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0947\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e-\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0928 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\u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-realistic-scenarios\"><strong>\u092f\u0925\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scenario-1-reinforced-border-shield\"><em><strong><em>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f 1: \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0935\u091a<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0917\u0936\u094d\u0924, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947, \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0932-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0917\u0936\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924, \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a 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\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scenario-2-sensor-and-command-integration-with-ukraine\"><em><strong><em>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f 2: \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940, \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f-\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928, \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b-\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u2014\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921, \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936, \u0930\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u2014\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e-\u092a\u093e\u0930 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\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0925 \u092a\u0930, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0924\u092c \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0932\u0917 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b 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\u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u092f\u093e \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e-\u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u0930\u092b\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0947, \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u091c\u0941\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0909\u0920\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0914\u0930 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\u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><em>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093e\u0902 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093e\u0902 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0964<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key takeaways Russian air operations against Ukraine have turned large parts of Europe into a de facto front line of contested airspace. Drones, cruise missiles, and military aircraft launched toward Ukrainian targets routinely pass close to, skirt, or spill over the borders of NATO member states, triggering intercepts, airspace closures, and diplomatic protests from the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":34518,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,56],"tags":[],"topic":[88,110,84,87,86,92],"class_list":["post-34506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-en-analyses","category-eng-north-america","topic-defense","topic-nato","topic-russia","topic-security","topic-ukraine","topic-war"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Protecting Ukraine\u2019s Airspace From Russia | TDC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Russian drones and missiles blur NATO borders. The paper explains cautious responses and outlines realistic NATO\u2013Ukraine air defence cooperation scenarios.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/hi\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Protecting Ukraine\u2019s Airspace From Russia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Russian drones and missiles blur NATO borders. The paper explains cautious responses and outlines realistic NATO\u2013Ukraine air defence cooperation scenarios.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/hi\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Transatlantic Dialogue Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Transatlantic-Dialogue-Center-105645698740463\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-12T09:31:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-04T09:02:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Managing_the_skies.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1350\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Vladyslava Sen\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Protecting Ukraine\u2019s Airspace From Russia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Russian drones and missiles blur NATO borders. The paper explains cautious responses and outlines realistic NATO\u2013Ukraine air defence cooperation scenarios.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Vladyslava Sen\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"22 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Vladyslava Sen\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#\/schema\/person\/705192eaf4fd14c2586f2248272448b4\"},\"headline\":\"Managing the Skies: Europe, Russia, and the Politics of Airspace Protection over Ukraine\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-12T09:31:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-04T09:02:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/\"},\"wordCount\":4586,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Managing_the_skies.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"English Analyses\",\"North America\"],\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/\",\"name\":\"Protecting Ukraine\u2019s Airspace From Russia | TDC\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Managing_the_skies.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-12T09:31:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-04T09:02:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"Russian drones and missiles blur NATO borders. 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