{"id":6142,"date":"2022-08-25T10:00:58","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T07:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=6142"},"modified":"2025-08-21T14:38:50","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T11:38:50","slug":"weaponization-of-gas-russias-insidious-manipulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/2022\/08\/25\/weaponization-of-gas-russias-insidious-manipulation\/","title":{"rendered":"Le gaz comme arme : la manipulation insidieuse de la Russie"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-quick-download-button-download-button aligncenter qdbn-wrapper\"><div class=\"qdbn\" data-plugin-name=\"qdbn\" data-style=\"large\" data-file=\"hide-file\" data-size=\"hide-size\"><div class=\"qdbn-download-button-inner\"><button type=\"button\" data-button-type=\"large\" class=\"g-btn f-l\" style=\"background-color:#FFFFFF;border-radius:25px;border:1px solid #e2e2e2\" data-attachment-id=\"14801\" data-page-id=\"8262\" data-post-id=\"\" data-have-external=\"false\" data-external-url=\"\" data-wait-duration=\"0\" data-target-blank=\"false\" data-msg=\"Please wait...\" data-member=\"0\" data-has-icon-dark=\"true\" title=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF en anglais\"><span class=\"download-btn-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M18 11.3l-1-1.1-4 4V3h-1.5v11.3L7 10.2l-1 1.1 6.2 5.8 5.8-5.8zm.5 3.7v3.5h-13V15H4v5h16v-5h-1.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF en anglais<\/span><\/button><p class=\"up\" style=\"border-radius:0\"><i class=\"fi fi-pdf\"><\/i><\/p><p class=\"down\" style=\"border-radius:0\"><i class=\"fi-folder-o\"><\/i><span class=\"file-size\">350 KB<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><quick-download-button-info class=\"qdb-btn-info\"><\/quick-download-button-info><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aujourd\u2019hui, les guerres hybrides exigent plus que le simple recours aux armes conventionnelles. La possession de ressources vitales peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un outil de soft power tout en \u00e9tant <strong>encore plus dommageable<\/strong> pour l\u2019adversaire que l\u2019armement lourd. <strong>R\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance<\/strong> aux ressources d\u2019\u00c9tats terroristes devrait \u00eatre une priorit\u00e9 pour le monde d\u00e9velopp\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Expansionist Russia\u2019s policy and the total dependence of European nations on the import of Russian gas led to <strong>the disaster in <\/strong><strong>the <\/strong><strong>energy sector<\/strong> we observe now. The more countries were dependent on Russian gas the more they were loyal in the matter of continuing relations with the Russian Federation after the invasion to Ukraine. In 2020, 66% of Germany&#8217;s gas imports were supplied from the RF, while the same figure in France made up 16.9%, which explains the distinct policy of these states regarding the anti-Russian sanctions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La grave crise des prix du gaz a commenc\u00e9 en 2021, bien avant l\u2019invasion \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. Cependant, ce n\u2019est qu\u2019en 2022 que certaines <strong>preuves manifestes ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9merger<\/strong>, indiquant que <strong>Gazprom<\/strong>, Russia&#8217;s large state-owned energy corporation, is among the reasons for the crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"893\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-41.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6144\" style=\"width:726px;height:365px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-41.png 893w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-41-600x302.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-41-768x386.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-41-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 893px) 100vw, 893px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the data of Gazprom itself, the corporation supplied <strong>only 185.1 billion cubic meters of gas<\/strong> to the so-called &#8220;far abroad&#8221; (that is, countries outside the former Soviet space) in 2021, which is significantly lower than the annual exports of 2017-2019. The reduction of gas supplies to Europe in the second half of 2021 is also confirmed by the daily EU gas supplies statistics. Only in September-December 2021, Gazprom reduced supplies to the EU <strong>by 13.6 billion cubic meters<\/strong>, and gas supplies through the Ukrainian gas transportation network and the Yamal-Europe gas pipeline decreased <strong>by 58% <\/strong>et <strong>51 %<\/strong> respectively during this period. At the same time, Oleksiy Miller, the CEO of Gazprom, admitted in his speech <strong>the excess production capacity<\/strong> of 150 billion cubic meters of gas. Miller said that Gazprom&#8217;s gas production in 2021 was &#8220;the best in 13 years.&#8221;<br>Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, called the behavior of Gazprom &#8220;strange&#8221;, because, despite the high demand, the volume of supplies did not increase in 2021. &#8220;<em>A company that is owned by the Russian state raises doubts as to its reliability,<\/em>&#8221; she added.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"777\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-43.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6146\" style=\"width:486px;height:146px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-43.png 777w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-43-600x181.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-43-768x231.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-43-18x5.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 777px) 100vw, 777px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par cons\u00e9quent, Gazprom <strong>a d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment limit\u00e9 les livraisons de gaz<\/strong> et a fait pression sur l\u2019Allemagne et d\u2019autres \u00c9tats de l\u2019UE afin d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la mise en service du gazoduc Nord Stream 2, en contournant la l\u00e9gislation europ\u00e9enne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, during the 2021 crisis, gas supplies from the <strong>\u00c9tats-Unis<\/strong> <strong>increased<\/strong>. Although the Russian Federation sought to undermine Europe&#8217;s energy security, the role of other actors <strong>rose<\/strong>. The data shows that in the second half of 2021 when Gazprom reduced supplies to Europe, U.S. exports to this same region surged significantly.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"689\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-44.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-44.png 689w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-44-600x277.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-44-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 689px) 100vw, 689px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le 23 f\u00e9vrier, alors que la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 tenir un discours virulent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de l\u2019Ukraine, l\u2019\u00e9dition allemande de Bild a annonc\u00e9 qu\u2019elle censurerait toutes les images de footballeurs de l\u2019\u00e9quipe allemande Schalke 04 portant des publicit\u00e9s pour le russe Gazprom. Le journal allemand a soulign\u00e9 qu\u2019auparavant, il ne consid\u00e9rait pas Gazprom comme <strong>un soutien de la politique agressive du gouvernement russe, comme cela s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/strong> &#8220;It&#8217;s impossible to watch Gazprom commercials to the anthem of the Champions League when Putin&#8217;s troops are invading Ukraine\u201d claimed Bild.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La guerre en Ukraine a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 la v\u00e9ritable nature de l\u2019ensemble du syst\u00e8me terroriste russe. Compte tenu de l\u2019importance du gaz comme ressource, la Russie n\u2019h\u00e9site pas <strong>\u00e0 manipuler des livraisons pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment convenues<\/strong>, transformant le gaz en une arme d\u00e9sastreuse et un puissant outil d\u2019influence. <strong>Le manque de fiabilit\u00e9 de la Russie en tant que partenaire a une fois de plus \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In March 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that the only possible way to pay for natural gas for so-called &#8220;unfriendly countries&#8221; will be <strong>en roubles russes<\/strong>, et non en euros comme le pr\u00e9voyaient les contrats. \u00c0 son tour, la Commission europ\u00e9enne <strong>s\u2019est fermement oppos\u00e9e<\/strong> the very scheme proposed by Putin: according to him, the European companies had to exchange its payment in euros for rubles and then transfer the rubles to Gazprom&#8217;s account. This scheme involved contact with the Central Bank of Russia, which is <strong>une violation totale des sanctions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nevertheless, it did not eliminate the total dependence of some countries on gas supplies which were foreseen by already signed contracts. Gazprom then proposed another scheme according to which European companies pay in euros, as it was before, and then the Russian side changes euros into rubles, transfers them to the European company&#8217;s account, and after that sends these rubles to Gazprom. Taking everything into account, the European Commission concluded that this form of payment does not violate sanctions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, il s\u2019agissait <strong>d\u2019une nouvelle<\/strong> <strong>provocation de la part de la Russie<\/strong>. Cette affaire montre que les dirigeants russes n\u2019entendent pas respecter les r\u00e8gles et peuvent ais\u00e9ment faire du <strong>chantage<\/strong> aux \u00e9conomies occidentales. Malheureusement, certains pays europ\u00e9ens ont c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 cette provocation, et les dirigeants russes ont pu <strong>jeter de la poudre aux yeux<\/strong> \u00e0 leur population en lui pr\u00e9sentant l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une influence russe illusoire sur le monde occidental. Ainsi, certaines entreprises europ\u00e9ennes ont accept\u00e9 de modifier les termes des contrats dans leur int\u00e9r\u00eat. En mai, l\u2019Italie et l\u2019Allemagne ont autoris\u00e9 des entreprises \u00e0 ouvrir des comptes en roubles pour acheter du gaz russe, tout en cherchant des fournisseurs alternatifs <strong>afin de se d\u00e9faire de leur d\u00e9pendance<\/strong> \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie d\u2019ici \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. En ao\u00fbt, la Turquie a accept\u00e9 de payer partiellement le gaz russe en roubles, montrant sa volont\u00e9 de m\u00e9nager les deux camps, ce qui est inacceptable dans une telle situation.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"321\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-45.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6148\" style=\"width:298px;height:167px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-45.png 321w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-45-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Entre-temps, la Russie a cess\u00e9 de fournir du gaz aux \u00c9tats qui refusaient de payer en roubles. Parmi eux figure la <strong>Finlande<\/strong>, qui n\u2019a pas tard\u00e9 \u00e0 annoncer qu\u2019elle importerait du gaz naturel d\u2019autres sources via <strong>le gazoduc Balticconnector<\/strong> (qui relie la Finlande et l\u2019Estonie). En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la perte du fournisseur russe n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 une catastrophe pour les Finlandais. Ils ont rejet\u00e9 le nouveau m\u00e9canisme du Kremlin et se sont affranchis de leur d\u00e9pendance, tout comme l\u2019avaient fait en avril la <strong>Pologne<\/strong> et la <strong>Bulgarie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Russie n\u2019a d\u00e9sormais plus besoin de tenter de conserver l\u2019image d\u2019un fournisseur fiable : <strong>elle l\u2019a d\u00e9j\u00e0 perdue<\/strong> , de m\u00eame que toute perspective sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en. De nouveaux contrats ne semblent plus possibles, \u00e0 l\u2019exception de ceux conclus avec la Serbie et la Hongrie, avec lesquelles la Russie conserve des liens politiques \u00e9troits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jeff Makholm, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de NERA Economic Consulting, affirme que la Russie sait que ses int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e0 long terme dans la fourniture de gaz \u00e0 l\u2019UE sont de toute fa\u00e7on morts. <strong>C\u2019est pourquoi elle exerce d\u00e9sormais une telle pression. <\/strong>En mai 2022, Gazprom a ferm\u00e9 l\u2019important gazoduc Yamal et, \u00e0 la mi-juin, a r\u00e9duit les livraisons de gaz via Nord Stream-1 <strong>de 75 %<\/strong> &#8211; from 170 million cubic meters of gas per day to approximately 40 million cubic meters. At the beginning of July, the corporation stopped the exploitation of Nord Stream-1 for 10 days, explaining the need for it to be repaired. And now, after its restoration, Gazprom <strong>a r\u00e9duit le volume des livraisons<\/strong> de moiti\u00e9, \u00e0 20 millions de m\u00e8tres cubes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La r\u00e9duction des livraisons a fait augmenter les prix de gros du gaz en Europe de <strong>10 % du jour au lendemain.<\/strong> Les prix du gaz sont d\u00e9sormais <strong>450 % plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s<\/strong> qu\u2019\u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re. La cr\u00e9ation <strong>d\u2019un d\u00e9ficit artificiel<\/strong> is a means of Russia&#8217;s influence and its weapon in the international arena. Gazprom now claims it is cutting gas because of the need to shut down one of its turbines for maintenance, although few believe it. EU High Representative for Energy Policy Kadri Simson called this move &#8220;<em>politiquement motiv\u00e9e<\/em>&#8220;. The President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, called it <em>&#8220;an open gas war that Russia is waging against a united Europe\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Volodymyr Putin accuses the West of the reduction of gas supplies as if the sanctions were to blame. Russia\u2019s high-ranking officials do not stop the supplies completely, they just reduce it to create an image that the main violator isn\u2019t them, but the West and its sanctions policy. Putin is seeking to push forward the idea that the West, not his unprovoked war against Ukraine, is responsible for the gas shocks in the world. If it weren&#8217;t for the war, gas prices would have increased gradually, not immediately with the start of the invasion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u00ab Il dispose d\u2019un r\u00e9cit qu\u2019il peut utiliser pour manipuler l\u2019opinion en Russie et dans les pays tiers, ainsi qu\u2019en partie en Europe<\/em>,&#8221; said Veronika Grimm, member of the German Council of Economic Experts and professor of economics at Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen &#8211; Nuremberg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En remettant Nord Stream 1 en service aujourd\u2019hui, Moscou montre qu\u2019elle peut r\u00e9tablir ou interrompre les livraisons \u00e0 sa guise. Une telle possibilit\u00e9 <strong>fait planer la menace d\u2019un arr\u00eat complet des livraisons de gaz \u00e0 l\u2019Europe.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les dirigeants mondiaux ont soulign\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises le <strong>recours au gaz comme arme <\/strong>par la Russie. \u00ab<em>Moscou n\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 utiliser les livraisons de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et d\u2019\u00e9nergie comme une arme. Nous devons faire preuve de fermet\u00e9 pour nous prot\u00e9ger<\/em>,&#8221; said German Chancellor Olaf Scholz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;Russia is blackmailing us. Russia is using energy as a weapon and therefore, in any event, whether it&#8217;s a partial major cut-off of Russian gas or total cut-off&#8230; Europe needs to be ready<\/em>,&#8221; said Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"655\" height=\"475\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-46.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6149\" style=\"width:344px;height:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-46.png 655w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-46-600x435.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-46-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019Europe tente d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer sa rupture avec la Russie, m\u00eame si cela exige de mettre en place de nouvelles infrastructures et de nouer de nouveaux partenariats. Kadri Simson, commissaire europ\u00e9enne \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9nergie, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab<em>R\u00e9duire notre d\u00e9pendance au gaz russe est un imp\u00e9ratif strat\u00e9gique pour l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. \u00bb <\/em>En 2020, les importations de gaz naturel de l\u2019UE provenaient, outre la Russie, de la Norv\u00e8ge (21 %), de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie (8 %) et du Qatar (5 %). L\u2019UE accorde d\u00e9sormais encore plus d\u2019attention \u00e0 ces \u00c9tats. Le Canada, l\u2019\u00c9gypte, Isra\u00ebl, le Nig\u00e9ria, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et l\u2019Angola int\u00e9ressent \u00e9galement l\u2019Europe, ce dernier souhaitant augmenter ses livraisons de GNL de 50 milliards de m\u00e8tres cubes (bcm) par an. L\u2019UE pr\u00e9voit aussi de soutenir le doublement de la capacit\u00e9 du corridor gazier sud, qui achemine le gaz d\u2019Azerba\u00efdjan, \u00e0 20 milliards de m\u00e8tres cubes par an. Alors qu\u2019un groupe de travail entend examiner l\u2019augmentation des livraisons de gaz du Canada, des \u00c9tats comme le Japon et la Cor\u00e9e du Sud ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9orient\u00e9 vers l\u2019Europe plusieurs cargaisons de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chaque pays <strong>cherche des solutions de remplacement<\/strong> au gaz russe : l\u2019Allemagne recherche davantage d\u2019approvisionnements aupr\u00e8s de la Norv\u00e8ge et des Pays-Bas, tandis que l\u2019Italie et l\u2019Espagne tentent d\u2019importer davantage de gaz d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les dirigeants europ\u00e9ens commandent davantage de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9, achemin\u00e9 par navire, et recherchent davantage de gaz par gazoduc aupr\u00e8s de pays alternatifs. Leur politique int\u00e9rieure \u00e9volue \u00e9galement : ils acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent le recours \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9olienne et solaire et promeuvent des mesures d\u2019\u00e9conomie d\u2019\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Russia&#8217;s weaponization of natural gas could backfire by destroying demand for the one of the main Russian sources of income. Indeed, Russia is losing the funds it used to receive from exports. Therefore, the state will have fewer opportunities and capital to manufacture its deadly weapons and sponsor the war against Ukraine.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nowadays hybrid wars require more than just the usage of conventional arms. The possession of vital resources may be seen as a soft power tool while being even more damaging for the opponent than heavy weaponry. Reducing dependence on terrorist state resources should be a priority for the developed world. Expansionist Russia\u2019s policy and the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":6145,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64,59,13,31],"tags":[],"topic":[90,97,116,84,114,92],"class_list":["post-6142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-central-eastern-europe-ger-analyses","category-eng-central-eastern-europe","category-en-analyses","category-ger-analyses","topic-economy","topic-energy","topic-hybrid-warfare","topic-russia","topic-soft-power","topic-war"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Weaponization of gas: Russia\u2019s insidious manipulation | TDC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This analysis examines how Russia weaponizes gas supplies and pricing to 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