{"id":51980,"date":"2024-02-29T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?tdc-native-operation=tdc-22627-e8799e2bb275f0d394a0&amp;locale=fr_FR"},"modified":"2026-10-07T04:22:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T01:22:46","slug":"lindustrie-de-la-defense-americaine-soutien-a-lukraine-et-croissance-economique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/2024\/02\/29\/lindustrie-de-la-defense-americaine-soutien-a-lukraine-et-croissance-economique\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019industrie de la d\u00e9fense am\u00e9ricaine : soutien \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine et croissance \u00e9conomique"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-quick-download-button-download-button aligncenter qdbn-wrapper\"><div class=\"qdbn\" data-plugin-name=\"qdbn\" data-style=\"small\" data-file=\"hide-file\" data-size=\"hide-size\"><div class=\"qdbn-download-button-inner\"><button type=\"button\" data-button-type=\"small\" class=\"g-btn f-l\" style=\"background-color:#0e107b;color:#ffffff;border-radius:25px;border:1px solid #e2e2e2\" data-attachment-id=\"41195\" data-page-id=\"18850\" data-post-id=\"\" data-have-external=\"false\" data-external-url=\"\" data-wait-duration=\"0\" data-target-blank=\"true\" data-msg=\"Veuillez patienter\u2026\" data-member=\"0\" data-has-icon-dark=\"false\" title=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger en PDF\"><span class=\"download-btn-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M18 11.3l-1-1.1-4 4V3h-1.5v11.3L7 10.2l-1 1.1 6.2 5.8 5.8-5.8zm.5 3.7v3.5h-13V15H4v5h16v-5h-1.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger en PDF<\/span><\/button><p class=\"up\" style=\"background:transparent;border-radius:0\"><i class=\"fi fi-pdf\"><\/i><\/p><p class=\"down\" style=\"background:transparent;border-radius:0\"><i class=\"fi-folder-o\"><\/i><span class=\"file-size\">1,011 KB<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><quick-download-button-info class=\"qdb-btn-info\"><\/quick-download-button-info><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-by-leonid-kadnikov\"><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019invasion \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de l\u2019Ukraine par la Russie, les \u00c9tats-Unis fournissent un soutien militaire syst\u00e9mique \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine. Bien que beaucoup estiment que l\u2019\u00e9conomie am\u00e9ricaine s\u2019\u00e9puise \u00e0 cause de cela, en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, une somme consid\u00e9rable d\u2019argent reste dans les \u00c9tats, l\u2019industrie se d\u00e9veloppe, le secteur de la d\u00e9fense s\u2019am\u00e9liore et, par cons\u00e9quent, le nombre d\u2019emplois augmente et le bien-\u00eatre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des citoyens s\u2019am\u00e9liore. Il est \u00e9galement avantageux pour les \u00c9tats-Unis de restaurer les entreprises militaires, car les arsenaux europ\u00e9ens deviennent plus actifs et les \u00c9tats-Unis doivent rester comp\u00e9titifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans l\u2019Ohio, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019aide \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine, la production de drones a augment\u00e9 et des recherches plus approfondies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es dans ce domaine. Les investissements approximatifs dans ce secteur en 2022 se sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u00e0 9 millions de dollars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les entreprises de d\u00e9fense ont \u00e9galement commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9tudier la possibilit\u00e9 de produire des dirigeables avec une charge utile plus importante. En outre, la production de chars Abrams a augment\u00e9. Par exemple, l\u2019usine de Lima peut produire jusqu\u2019\u00e0 33 chars par mois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au cours de la p\u00e9riode 2022-2023, le taux de ch\u00f4mage de l\u2019Ohio a diminu\u00e9. Cela peut \u00eatre attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la reprise apr\u00e8s la crise du COVID, mais est aussi \u00e9troitement li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation de la production de d\u00e9fense, stimul\u00e9e par l\u2019aide \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine. En 2023, le taux de ch\u00f4mage est pass\u00e9 de 4 % \u00e0 3 %, et le sous-emploi a recul\u00e9 d\u2019environ 8 % \u00e0 6 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 elles seules, la base a\u00e9rienne Wright-Patterson de Dayton, les industries qui la soutiennent et ses sous-traitants contribuent \u00e0 1,2 % du PIB de l\u2019Ohio en 2022. Et la croissance globale du PIB au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e9coul\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 de 4,6 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La situation s\u2019am\u00e9liore \u00e9galement dans d\u2019autres \u00c9tats. Voici une liste des villes qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront des contrats de production d\u2019armes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Syst\u00e8mes a\u00e9riens sans pilote Switchblade, syst\u00e8mes radar et v\u00e9hicules tactiques : Simi Valley, CA ; Fullerton, CA ; Andover, MA ; Forest, MS ; et York, PA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00e9hicules de combat d\u2019infanterie Bradley : York, PA, et Anniston, AL.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obusiers : Aiken, SC ; Elgin, OK ; Sterling Heights, MI ; Endicott, NY ; York, PA ; et Minneapolis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lanceurs HIMARS : Peoria, IL ; Clearwater, Palm Bay et Niceville, FL ; Camden, AR ; Lancaster et Grand Prairie, TX ; Rocket Center, WV ; et Trenton, NJ.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pi\u00e8ces pour la roquette Hydra-70 : Anniston et Huntsville, AL, et Camden, AR.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Missiles antichars Javelin : Farmington, NM ; Orlando ; Tucson ; et Troy, AL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les efforts visant \u00e0 armer et \u00e0 \u00e9quiper l\u2019Ukraine ont \u00e9galement consid\u00e9rablement stimul\u00e9 les ventes de chasseurs F-35 fabriqu\u00e9s aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Cela profite aux travailleurs des sites de production de Palmdale (CA), East Hartford (CT), Middletown (IA) et Fort Worth, ainsi qu\u2019aux travailleurs d\u2019autres villes am\u00e9ricaines qui produisent des pi\u00e8ces pour ces avions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En outre, gr\u00e2ce aux fonds autoris\u00e9s par le Congr\u00e8s pour armer Kyiv, les obus sont assembl\u00e9s \u00e0 Scranton et Wilkes-Barre (PA), ainsi que dans une nouvelle usine \u00e0 Camden, en Arkansas, \u00e0 l\u2019aide de composants \u2014 y compris des explosifs, des propergols, des amorces, des fus\u00e9es et des corps d\u2019obus \u2014 fabriqu\u00e9s dans des villes et localit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines telles que Kingsport et Cordova (TN) ; Bristol (PA) ; Middletown (IA) ; et Coachella (CA). L\u2019usine en construction \u00e0 Mesquite (TX) devrait produire environ 20 000 obus par mois et employer au moins 125 personnes lorsqu\u2019elle entrera en service au d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e prochaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un autre bon exemple de la fa\u00e7on dont l\u2019aide \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine aide les \u00c9tats est l\u2019allocation de 600 millions de dollars au d\u00e9veloppement de deux nouveaux syst\u00e8mes d\u2019armes destin\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine \u00e0 St. Charles (MO). L\u2019un d\u2019eux est le JDAM ER (Joint Direct Attack Munition-Extended Range). Cette bombe guid\u00e9e par GPS accro\u00eet la port\u00e9e et la pr\u00e9cision des munitions non guid\u00e9es, les transformant en munitions guid\u00e9es avec une pr\u00e9cision pouvant atteindre 45 miles (trois fois celle des munitions conventionnelles).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019autre est la GLSDB (Ground-Launched Small Diameter Bomb), un nouveau syst\u00e8me d\u2019armes destin\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine qui peut \u00eatre lanc\u00e9 depuis des syst\u00e8mes de missiles HIMARS hautement mobiles et dont la port\u00e9e peut atteindre 93 miles, soit presque le double de celle des syst\u00e8mes terrestres existants \u00e0 guidage de pr\u00e9cision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En outre, le soutien militaire \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine redonne de la pertinence \u00e0 la production d\u2019armes d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es auparavant. Par exemple, les \u00c9tats-Unis n\u2019ont plus produit de Stingers depuis 2005. D\u00e9sormais, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019aide militaire \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine, le Pentagone a sign\u00e9 un contrat de 624,6 millions de dollars pour fabriquer des missiles Stinger \u00e0 Tucson afin de remplacer quelque 1 400 missiles envoy\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine. La cha\u00eene de production des Stinger serait probablement rest\u00e9e inactive sans les efforts des \u00c9tats-Unis pour approvisionner l\u2019Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019aide \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine contribue non seulement \u00e0 emp\u00eacher la guerre de s\u2019\u00e9tendre \u00e0 d\u2019autres pays, y compris aux \u00c9tats-Unis, mais am\u00e9liore \u00e9galement la situation \u00e9conomique dans les \u00c9tats. Gr\u00e2ce aux fournitures militaires, le nombre d\u2019emplois dans l\u2019Ohio a augment\u00e9, le ch\u00f4mage a globalement diminu\u00e9 et le PIB a sensiblement augment\u00e9. Cela signifie que la poursuite de l\u2019aide \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine ne fera que favoriser la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 et le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019industrie militaire, de l\u2019\u00e9conomie am\u00e9ricaine et de l\u2019Ohio en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. De plus, il ne s\u2019agit pas seulement de l\u2019Ohio ; d\u2019autres \u00c9tats en ont \u00e9galement tir\u00e9 des avantages. Cela concerne avant tout l\u2019augmentation de la production militaire dans des \u00c9tats tels que la Californie, l\u2019Alabama, la Pennsylvanie et d\u2019autres. Sans l\u2019allocation d\u2019aide \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine, certains types d\u2019armes n\u2019auraient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 produits du tout ou seulement en petites quantit\u00e9s. Ainsi, l\u2019aide militaire \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine am\u00e9liore non seulement la situation \u00e9conomique des \u00c9tats-Unis \u2014 avec davantage d\u2019emplois, entre autres \u2014 mais restaure \u00e9galement l\u2019industrie de la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Avertissement : les points de vue, r\u00e9flexions et opinions exprim\u00e9s dans les documents publi\u00e9s sur ce site appartiennent uniquement \u00e0 leurs auteurs et ne refl\u00e8tent pas n\u00e9cessairement ceux du Transatlantic Dialogue Center, de ses comit\u00e9s ou de ses organisations affili\u00e9es. Ces documents ont pour but de stimuler le dialogue et la discussion et ne repr\u00e9sentent pas les positions politiques officielles du Transatlantic Dialogue Center ni de toute autre organisation \u00e0 laquelle les auteurs peuvent \u00eatre associ\u00e9s<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019invasion \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de l\u2019Ukraine par la Russie, les \u00c9tats-Unis fournissent un soutien militaire syst\u00e9mique \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine. Bien que beaucoup estiment que l\u2019\u00e9conomie am\u00e9ricaine s\u2019\u00e9puise \u00e0 cause de cela, en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, une somme consid\u00e9rable d\u2019argent reste dans les \u00c9tats, l\u2019industrie se d\u00e9veloppe, le secteur de la d\u00e9fense s\u2019am\u00e9liore et, par [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":22616,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59,13,56],"tags":[],"topic":[88,90,89,95,92],"class_list":["post-51980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eng-central-eastern-europe","category-en-analyses","category-eng-north-america","topic-defense","topic-economy","topic-technology","topic-usa","topic-war"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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