{"id":4933,"date":"2022-05-16T17:42:45","date_gmt":"2022-05-16T14:42:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=4933"},"modified":"2025-08-21T14:43:57","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T11:43:57","slug":"how-the-war-affects-the-ukrainian-environment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/2022\/05\/16\/how-the-war-affects-the-ukrainian-environment\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019impact de la guerre sur l\u2019environnement\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Depuis le 24 f\u00e9vrier, date du d\u00e9but de la guerre russe \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle contre l\u2019Ukraine, <strong><em>Ecoaction<\/em><\/strong><strong> assure <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.ecoaction.org.ua\/alarm-environmental-crimes-by-russians.html\"><strong>le suivi des cas<\/strong><\/a><strong> de potentielles <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.ecoaction.org.ua\/nature-and-war.html\"><strong>atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019environnement<\/strong><\/a><strong> caus\u00e9es par l\u2019agression russe.<\/strong> L\u2019objectif de ce travail est de rendre compte des effets potentiels de la guerre sur l\u2019environnement et la population d\u2019Ukraine, et d\u2019aider les autorit\u00e9s ukrainiennes \u00e0 recueillir des faits qui serviront \u00e0 obtenir devant les tribunaux internationaux une indemnisation (r\u00e9paration) de la part de la Russie pour les dommages inflig\u00e9s. Les crimes contre l\u2019environnement rel\u00e8vent des crimes de guerre. Selon la Convention de Gen\u00e8ve, \u00ab il est interdit d\u2019employer des m\u00e9thodes ou moyens de guerre qui sont destin\u00e9s \u00e0 causer, ou dont on peut attendre qu\u2019ils causent, des dommages \u00e9tendus, durables et graves \u00e0 l\u2019environnement naturel \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une enqu\u00eate approfondie devra avoir lieu apr\u00e8s la cessation des activit\u00e9s militaires. Pourtant, d\u00e8s \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, l\u2019Inspection nationale ukrainienne de l\u2019environnement a estim\u00e9 les dommages li\u00e9s \u00e0 la contamination des sols \u00e0 pas moins de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dei.gov.ua\/posts\/2155\">77 millions<\/a> USD, tandis qu\u2019 <em>Ecoaction<\/em> a d\u00e9j\u00e0 recens\u00e9 plus de <a href=\"https:\/\/en.ecoaction.org.ua\/warmap.html\">200 cas<\/a> susceptibles de causer de graves dommages \u00e0 l\u2019environnement.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La plupart de ces cas se sont produits dans les r\u00e9gions de Kyiv, Kharkiv et Louhansk, ainsi que dans le sud de l\u2019Ukraine, mais toutes les parties de l\u2019Ukraine, y compris la r\u00e9gion occidentale, sont affect\u00e9es par les occupants. Des centrales nucl\u00e9aires, ports maritimes, installations de stockage de d\u00e9chets dangereux (engrais min\u00e9raux, mousse de polyur\u00e9thane, peinture, p\u00e9trole, lubrifiants, etc.) et entreprises industrielles, y compris des usines chimiques et m\u00e9tallurgiques, se trouvent d\u00e9sormais dans la zone des hostilit\u00e9s actives. De nombreux incendies dans des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts p\u00e9troliers, stations-service, d\u00e9charges et installations de chauffage et d\u2019approvisionnement en eau endommag\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s ; nous examinerons ci-dessous les cons\u00e9quences les plus graves de la guerre sur l\u2019environnement.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/XOw6H1uk5DACZ72KVFQwJqiGmPZ7D5vDngt0AJM0bCqm0GtO5gFurTUonCc1rob7T4KeilESLn8QcxjxNkSlBxTOCqkP7FdeW5PKfA3R9H2sKv4tCI2SulSQ8m5GcviKjPCR7tbey5MB4OQTZA\" alt=\"MapDescription automatically generated\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Menaces pour la s\u00fbret\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire et radiologique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019annonce de la prise des centrales nucl\u00e9aires de Tchornobyl et de Zaporijjia a secou\u00e9 le monde. Le d\u00e9passement des niveaux de contr\u00f4le du d\u00e9bit de dose de rayonnement gamma dans la zone d\u2019exclusion de Tchornobyl a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 en raison du d\u00e9placement d\u2019\u00e9quipements militaires russes lourds et du rejet dans l\u2019air de poussi\u00e8res radioactives contamin\u00e9es. La centrale nucl\u00e9aire de Tchornobyl a \u00e9t\u00e9 occup\u00e9e pendant plus d\u2019un mois et, durant cette p\u00e9riode, les occupants ont retenu le personnel de la centrale en otage et endommag\u00e9 une ligne \u00e0 haute tension qui alimentait en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 le refroidissement du combustible nucl\u00e9aire us\u00e9. Le manque d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 aurait pu provoquer une hausse de la temp\u00e9rature dans les piscines de combustible us\u00e9, lib\u00e9rant potentiellement des substances radioactives dans l\u2019environnement et mena\u00e7ant la s\u00fbret\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire de toute l\u2019Europe. Heureusement, les experts ukrainiens ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 r\u00e9parer la ligne \u00e9lectrique et, le 31 mars, l\u2019 <em>Agence d\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019Ukraine pour la gestion de la zone d\u2019exclusion <\/em>a indiqu\u00e9 que les occupants avaient quitt\u00e9 la zone de Tchornobyl.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toutefois, le terrorisme nucl\u00e9aire russe se poursuit, puisque la centrale nucl\u00e9aire de Zaporijjia, o\u00f9 les Russes ont fait exploser des munitions le 14 mars et endommag\u00e9 la ligne \u00e9lectrique, est toujours occup\u00e9e. Cette centrale est devenue la premi\u00e8re centrale nucl\u00e9aire au monde \u00e0 \u00eatre prise pour cible par des chars. Les missiles de croisi\u00e8re russes qui sont pass\u00e9s extr\u00eamement pr\u00e8s de la centrale nucl\u00e9aire de Khmelnytsky le 16 mars, de celle de Pivdennoukrainsk le 25 mars et de celle de Zaporijjia le 26 mars constituent toujours un danger particulier pour la s\u00fbret\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/3RW3aGcKO_ep-QkFjyBY4uU4Gu0lsaSQ9kpjViZbyzdnDEH76s1-SsdG9VFpm_-spsQVEXH0ZuFur5PbeEuLewHMkM5tHDN6Ev5jJkpD3bS7QhSR72VcNKUHiJro5sSfN1s570BsD4HOp84_vg\" alt=\"MapDescription automatically generated\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Les images satellites montrent que de petits feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation font actuellement rage dans des zones sauvages, notamment dans la zone de Tchornobyl.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explosions dans les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts p\u00e9troliers et entrep\u00f4ts de carburant<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depuis les premiers jours de la guerre \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, l\u2019agression russe vise la destruction des entrep\u00f4ts de carburant, ce qui peut provoquer une \u00e9norme pollution de l\u2019air. Au total, pr\u00e8s de 30 cas d\u2019incendie de d\u00e9p\u00f4ts p\u00e9troliers et de r\u00e9servoirs de produits p\u00e9troliers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s. Les 27 f\u00e9vrier et 12 mars 2022, le d\u00e9p\u00f4t p\u00e9trolier du village de Kryachky, pr\u00e8s de Kyiv, a explos\u00e9 apr\u00e8s une attaque de missiles, et 10 r\u00e9servoirs contenant 2000m<sup>3<\/sup> de p\u00e9trole et de diesel ont pris feu. Les dommages environnementaux sont estim\u00e9s \u00e0 $25bl. Des cas similaires se sont produits \u00e0 Okhtyrka, Louhansk, Tchernihiv, Jytomyr et Chernyakhiv, ainsi que dans de nombreux autres endroits en Ukraine. La combustion de produits p\u00e9troliers due aux incendies et aux bombardements pollue l\u2019air et menace directement non seulement l\u2019environnement, mais aussi la sant\u00e9 humaine, car les produits de combustion contiennent des gaz toxiques et des particules.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon le minist\u00e8re ukrainien de l\u2019\u00c9cologie et des Ressources naturelles, pendant les hostilit\u00e9s sur le territoire de l\u2019Ukraine, le volume des \u00e9missions de polluants dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re peut d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00eatre assimil\u00e9 au volume \u00e9mis par une seule usine m\u00e9tallurgique pendant toute une ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Attaques contre les infrastructures et les installations industrielles<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les bombardements et l\u2019occupation accroissent le risque de rejets de d\u00e9chets toxiques par les installations industrielles en Ukraine. \u00c0 ce jour, le <em>Registre national des installations potentiellement dangereuses<\/em> contient des informations sur plus de 23 000 installations, dont 2 987 entrep\u00f4ts stockant des pesticides hautement toxiques. Le plus grand nombre de ces installations est concentr\u00e9 dans les r\u00e9gions de Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporijjia, Kharkiv et Lviv. Certaines de ces installations se trouvent dans la zone des op\u00e9rations militaires.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/jHDUUp7BkibvKcbXBoTHG9WcR0UaVB9LFvlPIt9T-88jiX1aKPmtDQgmXKXvX-cLwPY0nDSDrnCR77KJJC-qfOXgzB4YQIzLlZba_HOmKVdpJQhVnrIpnecrHTz-KRx_NEkztRrd2hoz6MHAJA\" alt=\"A building on fireDescription automatically generated with medium confidence\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">De nombreux cas d\u2019installations industrielles prises pour cible par les Russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s. Cela a entra\u00een\u00e9 des incendies ainsi qu\u2019une pollution suppl\u00e9mentaire de l\u2019air, des sols et de l\u2019eau. Le 21 mars, dans l\u2019usine chimique <em>Sumykhimprom<\/em> situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Soumy, de l\u2019ammoniac s\u2019est \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite de bombardements, affectant gravement le village voisin. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Donetsk, de nombreux bombardements et frappes a\u00e9riennes contre <em>l\u2019usine d\u2019engrais azot\u00e9s de Sievierodonetsk<\/em> et <em>l\u2019usine de coke et de produits chimiques d\u2019Avdiivka<\/em> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s, ainsi que contre le <em>combinat m\u00e9tallurgique Azovstal<\/em> \u00e0 Marioupol, que les Russes d\u00e9truisent d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment au moyen de bombes lourdes et de munitions interdites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des cas de graves incendies dus au bombardement d\u2019entrep\u00f4ts d\u2019engrais, de peintures, de vernis, etc. ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s. Par exemple, le 3 mars, dans le village de Chaiky pr\u00e8s de Kyiv, un missile a frapp\u00e9 un entrep\u00f4t de caoutchouc mousse, provoquant un incendie. Les produits issus de la combustion du caoutchouc mousse empoisonnent tant les humains que les animaux et peuvent aussi provoquer des pluies acides. \u00c0 Roubijn\u00e9 (r\u00e9gion de Louhansk), des missiles russes ont frapp\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises des r\u00e9servoirs contenant de l\u2019acide ammoniacal, lib\u00e9rant des polluants dans l\u2019air.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pollution directement caus\u00e9e par les hostilit\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les activit\u00e9s militaires elles-m\u00eames ne sont pas moins dangereuses. Le carburant d\u00e9vers\u00e9, les \u00e9quipements d\u00e9truits, les armes utilis\u00e9es et les missiles ayant explos\u00e9 contaminent tous les sols et les eaux souterraines par des substances chimiques et des m\u00e9taux lourds. M\u00eame apr\u00e8s la guerre, l\u2019\u00e9limination de certains effets environnementaux prendra des ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More than 2000 Russian missiles have been launched on Ukraine. According to the <em>Service national des situations d\u2019urgence d\u2019Ukraine<\/em>, from February 24 to May 3, 2022, over 90,000 explosive devices and 583.4 kg of explosives, including 1,964 aviation bombs, were neutralized in Ukraine.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les missiles explos\u00e9s et les armes d\u2019artillerie contiennent divers compos\u00e9s chimiques : monoxyde et dioxyde de carbone, vapeur d\u2019eau, monoxyde d\u2019azote (NO), dioxyde d\u2019azote (NO2), protoxyde d\u2019azote (N2O), formald\u00e9hyde, vapeur de cyanure d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne (HCN), azote (N2) et quantit\u00e9 de substances organiques toxiques. Les fragments m\u00e9talliques des obus ne sont pas non plus totalement s\u00fbrs pour l\u2019environnement. La fonte m\u00e9lang\u00e9e \u00e0 de l\u2019acier est le mat\u00e9riau le plus courant pour les corps de munitions et contient non seulement le fer et le carbone habituels, mais aussi du soufre et du cuivre.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 plus petite \u00e9chelle, la pollution peut aussi \u00eatre caus\u00e9e par des chars, v\u00e9hicules, avions et autres vestiges de guerre en feu. De nombreux messages provenant de Kramatorsk, Roubijn\u00e9, Houlia\u00efpole, etc., indiquent \u00e9galement que les Russes ont utilis\u00e9 des bombes au phosphore interdites par la Convention de Gen\u00e8ve. Le phosphore blanc peut causer non seulement des blessures horribles, mais repr\u00e9sente aussi une menace pour l\u2019environnement en polluant fortement les sols et l\u2019eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dommages aux zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es et aux \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes vuln\u00e9rables<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les troupes russes provoquent des catastrophes technologiques et environnementales. Elles d\u00e9truisent des zones naturelles qui servent d\u2019habitat \u00e0 des esp\u00e8ces rares. Les estimations pr\u00e9liminaires du minist\u00e8re ukrainien de l\u2019\u00c9cologie et des Ressources naturelles r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que la Russie m\u00e8ne des hostilit\u00e9s sur 900 sites de r\u00e9serves naturelles couvrant environ 1,2 million d\u2019hectares. Selon le <em>Groupe ukrainien de conservation de la nature<\/em>, 44 % des territoires naturels prot\u00e9g\u00e9s les plus pr\u00e9cieux sont soit touch\u00e9s par la guerre, soit sous le contr\u00f4le temporaire des envahisseurs russes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Environ 200 zones (2.9 mln ha) du <em>R\u00e9seau \u00c9meraude<\/em> sont menac\u00e9es. Le R\u00e9seau \u00c9meraude comprend des zones de conservation cr\u00e9\u00e9es pour pr\u00e9server les esp\u00e8ces et les habitats n\u00e9cessitant une protection dans l\u2019ensemble des pays europ\u00e9ens hors UE. Ces territoires sont essentiels \u00e0 la protection de la biodiversit\u00e9 et du climat. Certaines esp\u00e8ces et habitats rares et end\u00e9miques se trouvent au c\u0153ur des combats, ce qui met en danger leur survie m\u00eame : steppes non labour\u00e9es, pentes crayeuses de la r\u00e9gion de Donetsk, habitats c\u00f4tiers des zones m\u00e9ridionales et marais du nord.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The war is also affecting animals, many of which are breeding in the spring in the regions where fighting is currently taking place. In addition, ornithologists highlight the significant impacts of the war on birds &#8211; there are three main bird flyways through the whole territory of Ukraine. Those places are extremely important for migrating birds to feed and rest, so they need to be preserved. Most of the flyways are now located over the warfare zones. It may be disturbing for birds and cause their exhaustion because of changing routes or losing places to rest, as well as direct deaths from shooting and shelling.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pollution des ressources en eau<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La guerre entra\u00eene directement ou indirectement une pollution des ressources en eau, d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9es en raison du changement climatique et de la demande croissante. La destruction d\u2019infrastructures et d\u2019installations industrielles peut entra\u00eener le rejet de polluants dans les masses d\u2019eau, tandis que les installations de traitement et les stations de pompage d\u00e9truites ne peuvent plus purifier l\u2019eau ni approvisionner correctement les Ukrainiens en eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par exemple, le 14 mars, la Russie a bombard\u00e9 des stations d\u2019\u00e9puration dans la r\u00e9gion de Zaporijjia, d\u00e9truisant la station de pompage qui r\u00e9partit les eaux us\u00e9es de Vasylivka entre les installations ; ces eaux s\u2019\u00e9coulent donc d\u00e9sormais directement dans le Dnipro sans aucun filtrage. Elles peuvent contenir des substances organiques, des bact\u00e9ries pathog\u00e8nes, des sulfates et des chlorures susceptibles de provoquer une prolif\u00e9ration massive d\u2019algues dans le Dnipro et la mer Noire lorsque le temps se r\u00e9chauffera.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En outre, la pollution de la rivi\u00e8re Ikva, dans la r\u00e9gion de Rivne, a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e apr\u00e8s que des d\u00e9bris de missiles russes ont frapp\u00e9 des r\u00e9servoirs d\u2019engrais. La concentration d\u2019ammonium est 163 fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la norme. Une mortalit\u00e9 piscicole est observ\u00e9e et il est interdit aux habitants des villages voisins d\u2019utiliser l\u2019eau.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/HDEG7wDn0qSgdT5VX5JjvHes_U5uVxdFdsrMwZ9bigb4MIwMppfWGlsrg9uLc3q3N5fw-MxvhSFyjMlt84zuJZevfDJ-lYU0IOvWrZ9-cM7401By6L7Cc9BUuZjNKKd9dS5NcA-GNBN-TlQb9A\" alt=\"Nature and war: how russian invasion destroys Ukrainian wildlife\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des processus irr\u00e9versibles de salinisation des sols et de pollution de l\u2019eau sont \u00e9galement li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019inondation incontr\u00f4l\u00e9e des mines de charbon dans l\u2019est de l\u2019Ukraine. Ce probl\u00e8me n\u2019est pas nouveau dans la r\u00e9gion, mais il s\u2019est r\u00e9cemment transform\u00e9 en catastrophe environnementale. On sait actuellement que les mines souterraines de Zolote, Toshkivska, Carbonit et Horna, dans la r\u00e9gion de Louhansk, sont inond\u00e9es. Les eaux de mine non trait\u00e9es peuvent se m\u00e9langer aux eaux souterraines et empoisonner le bassin du Siversky Donets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Impact sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les actions militaires se d\u00e9roulent non seulement sur les terres ukrainiennes, mais aussi dans la mer Noire et la mer d\u2019Azov. Les troupes russes hostiles attaquent les infrastructures portuaires et les navires ancr\u00e9s le long de la c\u00f4te, utilisent leurs navires et sous-marins pour bombarder les villes ukrainiennes, bloquent les ports et minent la mer, provoquant la pollution de l\u2019eau et le rejet de substances toxiques dans la mer. Les batailles navales se terminent par des incendies et le naufrage de navires, d\u2019avions et d\u2019h\u00e9licopt\u00e8res, entra\u00eenant des fuites de p\u00e9trole directement en mer. Le 26 f\u00e9vrier, deux missiles russes ont frapp\u00e9 le bunker civil \u00ab Millennial Spirit \u00bb, qui transportait \u00e0 bord 600 tonnes de p\u00e9trole et de diesel, et provoqu\u00e9 un \u00e9norme incendie. Le 3 mars, deux missiles russes ont coul\u00e9 le navire marchand \u00ab Helt \u00bb, battant pavillon panam\u00e9en. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019explosion, le navire a sombr\u00e9. L\u2019impact environnemental de l\u2019accident doit encore \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tous les composants du p\u00e9trole sont toxiques pour la vie marine. Les produits p\u00e9troliers nuisent \u00e0 la bioc\u00e9nose marine en formant des films huileux \u00e0 la surface de l\u2019eau et en perturbant les \u00e9changes d\u2019\u00e9nergie, de chaleur, d\u2019humidit\u00e9 et de gaz entre la mer et l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. De plus, ils affectent directement la physicochimie et les conditions hydrologiques du milieu marin, tuant les poissons, les oiseaux marins et les micro-organismes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En outre, la guerre elle-m\u00eame affecte n\u00e9gativement la vie marine. Les explosions, les bombardements, les mines flottantes et l\u2019utilisation de sonars sont extr\u00eamement nocifs pour les mammif\u00e8res marins. \u00c0 la fin avril, dans la r\u00e9serve <em>Tuzlivski Lymany<\/em> (r\u00e9gion d\u2019Odesa), des scientifiques ont observ\u00e9 des dauphins qui sont tr\u00e8s probablement morts \u00e0 cause des hostilit\u00e9s et de l\u2019utilisation des sonars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une \u00e9valuation compl\u00e8te des dommages ne sera possible qu\u2019apr\u00e8s la fin des hostilit\u00e9s actives. Toutefois, les Ukrainiens et les habitants des pays voisins subiront les cons\u00e9quences de cette guerre pendant des ann\u00e9es. Il est donc vital d\u2019arr\u00eater la guerre d\u00e8s que possible. La Russie doit payer pour la destruction des entreprises et infrastructures ukrainiennes ainsi que pour tous les crimes contre l\u2019humanit\u00e9, y compris ceux commis contre l\u2019environnement.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;Since February 24, following the start of Russia\u2019s full-scale war against Ukraine, Ecoaction has been monitoring cases of potential negative environmental damage caused by Russian aggression. The purpose of this work is to report the potential effects of the war on the environment and the population of Ukraine and provide assistance to the Ukrainian authorities [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,31],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-4933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-en-analyses","category-ger-analyses"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The impact of war on the environment | TDC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ecoaction documented environmental damage from Russia\u2019s invasion to support investigations, reparations claims and recovery planning for affected regions.\" \/>\n<meta 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