{"id":40723,"date":"2022-02-23T13:46:30","date_gmt":"2022-02-23T11:46:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=40723"},"modified":"2026-09-21T21:36:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T18:36:34","slug":"verification-des-faits-dans-le-discours-de-vladimir-poutine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/2022\/02\/23\/verification-des-faits-dans-le-discours-de-vladimir-poutine\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e9rification des faits dans le discours de Vladimir Poutine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><strong>Le pr\u00e9sident russe Vladimir Poutine a ordonn\u00e9 l\u2019envoi de troupes dans deux r\u00e9gions de l\u2019est de l\u2019Ukraine contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les rebelles, apr\u00e8s les avoir reconnues comme des \u00c9tats ind\u00e9pendants.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Dans une longue allocution t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9e prononc\u00e9e tard dans la nuit depuis le Kremlin, Poutine a cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 justifier ses actes par une s\u00e9rie d\u2019affirmations sur l\u2019Ukraine.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\" id=\"The-socalled-civilised-world-prefers-to-ignore-it-as-if-there-were-none-of-this-horror-genocide-that-almost-four-million-people-are-being-subjected-to\">\u00ab Le soi-disant monde civilis\u00e9\u2026 pr\u00e9f\u00e8re l\u2019ignorer, comme si toute cette horreur, ce g\u00e9nocide que subissent pr\u00e8s de quatre millions de personnes, n\u2019existait pas \u00bb<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Poutine parlait du Donbass, dans l\u2019est de l\u2019Ukraine, affirmant que les habitants russophones y subissaient un \u00ab g\u00e9nocide \u00bb. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un terme qu\u2019il <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-59599066\">avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 employ\u00e9<\/a> et que reprend actuellement la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision d\u2019\u00c9tat russe.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/1567A\/production\/_123347678_donetsk_shells_gettyimages-635485910.jpg\" alt=\"Man looking at tombstone\"><figcaption>Image caption,A memorial to victims of shelling in a neighbourhood near Donetsk, eastern Ukraine<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">La Convention des Nations unies sur le g\u00e9nocide, ratifi\u00e9e par 152 pays, dont la Russie, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/genocideprevention\/genocide.shtml\">d\u00e9finit le g\u00e9nocide<\/a> comme des \u00ab actes commis dans l\u2019intention de d\u00e9truire, en tout ou en partie, un groupe national, ethnique, racial ou religieux \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">L\u2019ONU cite notamment les massacres au Rwanda et \u00e0 Srebrenica.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Mais il n\u2019existe aucune preuve de g\u00e9nocide dans l\u2019est de l\u2019Ukraine. Le chancelier allemand Olaf Scholz a rejet\u00e9 l\u2019affirmation de Poutine, la qualifiant de \u00ab ridicule \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">L\u2019ONU indique que des \u00c9tats \u00ab ont parfois qualifi\u00e9 certains incidents ou p\u00e9riodes de violence de g\u00e9nocide \u00bb, mais que ces \u00ab qualifications ne peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme faisant autorit\u00e9 ou comme d\u00e9terminantes \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Un conflit se poursuit toutefois dans l\u2019est de l\u2019Ukraine.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">L\u2019ONU estime que 14 200 \u00e0 14 400 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es dans l\u2019est de l\u2019Ukraine entre le 14 avril 2014, d\u00e9but du conflit, et le 21 f\u00e9vrier 2022, dont :<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">au moins 3 407 civils<\/li>\n<li class=\"translation-block\">4 400 membres des forces ukrainiennes<\/li>\n<li class=\"translation-block\">6 500 membres de groupes arm\u00e9s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 39 000 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9es, dont environ 7 000 \u00e0 9 000 civils.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/16C1\/production\/_123352850_ukraine_rebel_held_areas_map_update_22feb2x640-nc.png\" alt=\"Map showing Donetsk and Luhansk areas of eastern Ukraine\"><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">En 2018, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion International Crisis Group <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/europe-central-asia\/eastern-europe\/ukraine\/252-nobody-wants-us-alienated-civilians-eastern-ukraine\">a constat\u00e9 qu\u2019environ 600 000 personnes<\/a>, des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des lignes de front, vivaient dans des localit\u00e9s peu s\u00fbres \u00ab o\u00f9 elles sont expos\u00e9es quotidiennement aux bombardements, aux mines terrestres et \u00e0 de fortes restrictions de la libert\u00e9 de circulation et des services de base \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\" id=\"There-have-already-been-statements-that-Ukraine-is-going-to-create-its-own-nuclear-weapons-Ukraine-does-indeed-still-have-Soviet-nuclear-technologies-and-the-means-of-delivering-such-weapons\">\u00ab Il a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l\u2019Ukraine allait cr\u00e9er ses propres armes nucl\u00e9aires\u2026 L\u2019Ukraine poss\u00e8de effectivement encore des technologies nucl\u00e9aires sovi\u00e9tiques et des vecteurs capables d\u2019emporter de telles armes \u00bb<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 r\u00e9unissant des dirigeants mondiaux la semaine derni\u00e8re, le pr\u00e9sident ukrainien Volodymyr Zelensky a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab Nous n\u2019avons pas ces armes. \u00bb<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/1DFA\/production\/_123347670_tupolev_22m3_afp_gettyimages-56684360.jpg\" alt=\"A nuclear weapons-capable bomber being dismantled in Ukraine\"><figcaption>Image caption,A nuclear-weapons-capable bomber being dismantled in Ukraine in 2006<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">L\u2019Ukraine, qui poss\u00e9dait le troisi\u00e8me arsenal nucl\u00e9aire mondial pendant la guerre froide, a renonc\u00e9 \u00e0 ses armes nucl\u00e9aires dans les ann\u00e9es 1990 en \u00e9change de garanties de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats-Unis, du Royaume-Uni et de la Russie.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Selon des experts de la d\u00e9fense, elle ne dispose actuellement ni de moyens de lancement a\u00e9riens d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires ni d\u2019ogives nucl\u00e9aires pouvant \u00eatre transport\u00e9es par des missiles.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">L\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, l\u2019ambassadeur ukrainien en Allemagne, Andriy Melnyk, a estim\u00e9 que, si l\u2019Ukraine ne pouvait pas rejoindre l\u2019OTAN, elle pourrait devoir reconsid\u00e9rer son statut de pays sans armes nucl\u00e9aires.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Selon certaines informations, cette question a pris davantage de place dans le d\u00e9bat public <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/02\/05\/science\/ukraine-nuclear-weapons.html?action=click&amp;module=RelatedLinks&amp;pgtype=Article\">apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9clenchement du conflit dans l\u2019est de l\u2019Ukraine et l\u2019annexion de la Crim\u00e9e par la Russie en 2014.<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Mais le gouvernement n\u2019a pas d\u00e9clar\u00e9 vouloir se doter \u00e0 nouveau d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires, et la strat\u00e9gie militaire r\u00e9vis\u00e9e publi\u00e9e l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re n\u2019\u00e9voquait pas leur acquisition.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">L\u2019Agence internationale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie atomique (AIEA), charg\u00e9e du contr\u00f4le nucl\u00e9aire au sein du syst\u00e8me des Nations unies, nous a indiqu\u00e9 n\u2019avoir constat\u00e9 en Ukraine aucun signe \u00ab de d\u00e9tournement de mati\u00e8res nucl\u00e9aires destin\u00e9es \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s pacifiques vers d\u2019autres usages \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\" id=\"Corruption-which-without-a-doubt-is-a-challenge-and-a-problem-for-many-countries-including-Russia-has-acquired-some-kind-of-special-character-in-Ukraine\">\u00ab La corruption, qui est sans aucun doute un d\u00e9fi et un probl\u00e8me pour de nombreux pays, dont la Russie, a pris un caract\u00e8re particulier en Ukraine \u00bb<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">La Russie est le pays europ\u00e9en le moins bien class\u00e9 dans <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\/cpi\/2021\">l\u2019Indice de perception de la corruption (IPC) 2021 de Transparency International<\/a> : elle arrive au 136e rang sur 180 pays dans le monde, tandis que l\u2019Ukraine est 122e.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Selon l\u2019organisation, les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019Ukraine se sont nettement am\u00e9lior\u00e9s au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Ilia Choumanov, de Transparency International Russie, d\u00e9clare en revanche : \u00ab Le score de la Russie\u2026 refl\u00e8te l\u2019absence de changements positifs syst\u00e9miques dans le domaine de la lutte contre la corruption. \u00bb<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\" id=\"Over-60000-doctors-and-other-health-workers-have-left-the-country-during-the-pandemic\">\u00ab Plus de 60 000 m\u00e9decins et autres professionnels de sant\u00e9 ont quitt\u00e9 le pays pendant la pand\u00e9mie \u00bb<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Cette affirmation semble reposer sur <a href=\"https:\/\/razumkov.org.ua\/uploads\/other\/2021-PIDSUMKI-PROGNOZI-UKR-ENG.pdf\">un rapport publi\u00e9 en mars 2021<\/a> par le Centre Razumkov, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ukrainienne de sondages, qui indique : \u00ab Selon les experts, depuis le d\u00e9but de 2020, 66 000 m\u00e9decins et professionnels de sant\u00e9 ont quitt\u00e9 l\u2019Ukraine. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Selon l\u2019ancien ministre ukrainien de la Sant\u00e9 Maksym Stepanov, en f\u00e9vrier 2021, environ 34 000 d\u2019entre eux \u00e9taient des m\u00e9decins enregistr\u00e9s dans le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 ukrainien qui avaient quitt\u00e9 leur poste depuis le d\u00e9but de la pand\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Un m\u00e9decin \u00e0 Kyiv gagne environ 17 000 \u00a3 (23 000 $) par an, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.erieri.com\/salary\/job\/physician\/ukraine\/kiev#:~:text=The%20average%20pay%20for%20a,of%20education%20for%20a%20Physician.\">selon l\u2019Economic Research Institute<\/a>, contre 45 000 \u00a3 dans la Pologne voisine.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Aucune statistique officielle ne recense les pays o\u00f9 les m\u00e9decins ukrainiens partent travailler, mais <a href=\"https:\/\/112.international\/ukraine-top-news\/what-mass-migration-of-doctors-abroad-would-mean-for-ukraine-58773.html\">les employeurs du secteur de la sant\u00e9 signalent<\/a> une hausse rapide du nombre de ceux qui souhaitent travailler en Pologne, en R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que et en Slovaquie.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/1848\/production\/_98761260_onlinebanner_976x280.jpg\" alt=\"Reality Check branding\"><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le pr\u00e9sident russe Vladimir Poutine a ordonn\u00e9 l\u2019envoi de troupes dans deux r\u00e9gions de l\u2019est de l\u2019Ukraine contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les rebelles, apr\u00e8s les avoir reconnues comme des \u00c9tats ind\u00e9pendants. Dans une longue allocution t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9e prononc\u00e9e tard dans la nuit depuis le Kremlin, Poutine a cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 justifier ses actes par une s\u00e9rie d\u2019affirmations sur l\u2019Ukraine. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1159,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-40723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>V\u00e9rification des faits dans le discours de Vladimir Poutine - Transatlantic Dialogue Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Transatlantic Dialogue Center (TDC) is a non-governmental and non-partisan think tank that provides high-quality policy advice to private and public clients. 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