{"id":22855,"date":"2024-03-14T12:19:41","date_gmt":"2024-03-14T10:19:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=22855"},"modified":"2026-07-04T12:00:49","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T09:00:49","slug":"how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment trouver la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 dans le monde de la d\u00e9sinformation russe : l\u2019exp\u00e9rience allemande"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-by-anastasiia-novikova\"><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-quick-download-button-download-button aligncenter qdbn-wrapper\"><div class=\"qdbn\" data-plugin-name=\"qdbn\" data-style=\"small\" data-file=\"hide-file\" data-size=\"hide-size\"><div class=\"qdbn-download-button-inner\"><button type=\"button\" data-button-type=\"small\" class=\"g-btn f-l\" style=\"background-color:#0e107b;color:#ffffff;border-radius:25px;border:1px solid #e2e2e2\" data-attachment-id=\"41493\" data-page-id=\"18850\" data-post-id=\"\" data-have-external=\"false\" data-external-url=\"\" data-wait-duration=\"0\" data-target-blank=\"true\" data-msg=\"Please wait...\" data-member=\"0\" data-has-icon-dark=\"false\" title=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF en anglais\"><span class=\"download-btn-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M18 11.3l-1-1.1-4 4V3h-1.5v11.3L7 10.2l-1 1.1 6.2 5.8 5.8-5.8zm.5 3.7v3.5h-13V15H4v5h16v-5h-1.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le PDF en anglais<\/span><\/button><p class=\"up\" style=\"background:transparent;border-radius:0\"><i class=\"fi fi-pdf\"><\/i><\/p><p class=\"down\" style=\"background:transparent;border-radius:0\"><i class=\"fi-folder-o\"><\/i><span class=\"file-size\">4 MB<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><quick-download-button-info class=\"qdb-btn-info\"><\/quick-download-button-info><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\" id=\"h-key-takeaways\"><strong>Principaux enseignements<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Usage strat\u00e9gique de la d\u00e9sinformation<\/strong>: Les campagnes de d\u00e9sinformation russe en Allemagne sont m\u00e9ticuleusement planifi\u00e9es ; elles exploitent le brouillage des fronti\u00e8res entre sph\u00e8res militaire et civile pour manipuler l\u2019opinion publique et semer la discorde.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Impact sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande<\/strong>: These campaigns have successfully influenced German perceptions on key issues, leading to protests against Ukrainian refugees, arson attacks, and a worrying rise in pro-Russian sentiments, despite clear evidence of Russia&#8217;s aggression.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Influences historiques et culturelles<\/strong>: La vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 du public allemand \u00e0 la d\u00e9sinformation russe s\u2019enracine en partie dans les liens historiques, culturels et \u00e9conomiques profonds entre les deux pays, que la Russie exploite \u00e0 son avantage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tactiques sophistiqu\u00e9es de d\u00e9sinformation<\/strong>: La Russie recourt \u00e0 un large \u00e9ventail de tactiques de m\u00e9sinformation, notamment la manipulation \u00e9motionnelle, la s\u00e9lection des r\u00e9cits et l\u2019usage strat\u00e9gique des plateformes num\u00e9riques, afin d\u2019atteindre ses objectifs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de mesures proactives<\/strong>: Contrer cette menace exige d\u2019aller au-del\u00e0 de la d\u00e9mystification r\u00e9active et d\u2019adopter des strat\u00e9gies proactives, telles que le renforcement de la litt\u00e9ratie m\u00e9diatique, la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019une surveillance en temps r\u00e9el et le d\u00e9veloppement de la coop\u00e9ration internationale pour lutter efficacement contre la d\u00e9sinformation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Solidarit\u00e9 avec l\u2019Ukraine<\/strong>: Comprendre et combattre la d\u00e9sinformation russe est crucial pour maintenir et renforcer la solidarit\u00e9 avec l\u2019Ukraine, car les campagnes de m\u00e9sinformation visent \u00e0 affaiblir le soutien international \u00e0 la souverainet\u00e9 ukrainienne et aux valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"354\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-10-1024x354.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: How to Find the Truth in the World of Russian Disinformation: German Experience\" class=\"wp-image-22857\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-10-1024x354.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-10-600x207.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-10-768x265.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-10-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-10.png 1244w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-is-the-topic-of-russian-disinformation-important-in-germany\"><strong>Pourquoi la d\u00e9sinformation russe est-elle un sujet important en Allemagne ?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u2019information est une arme. <\/strong>And Russia knows this well. In February 2013, General Valery Gerasimov, Chief of the Russian General Staff, published a short piece on &#8216;the value of science in forecasting,&#8217; in which he outlined the contours of future warfare. He inaugurated the following ideas: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La distinction entre les domaines militaire et civil deviendra encore plus floue.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les batailles se d\u00e9rouleront dans l\u2019espace informationnel comme dans les espaces physiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Russie a utilis\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois des tactiques de guerre mixte apr\u00e8s l\u2019invasion de la G\u00e9orgie en 2008 et, ayant constat\u00e9 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de cette tactique, elle a encore intensifi\u00e9 sa machine de propagande. Celle-ci a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2014, lors de l\u2019annexion de la Crim\u00e9e et du d\u00e9but de la guerre dans le Donbas. Le caract\u00e8re relativement peu sanglant de l\u2019occupation, conjugu\u00e9 \u00e0 la masse \u00e9crasante de d\u00e9sinformation, a fait que, m\u00eame aujourd\u2019hui, les Allemands ont une compr\u00e9hension d\u00e9form\u00e9e de ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans ce contexte, en octobre 2015, un rapport g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e parlementaire de l\u2019OTAN a qualifi\u00e9 la <strong>&#8216;hybrid warfare&#8217;<\/strong> as a &#8216;new strategic challenge&#8217; that would require NATO member states to act on the local, national, and international levels to &#8216;prepare and defend their populations&#8217; in light of the post-2014 security environment&#8217;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon l\u2019enqu\u00eate de 2021, 91% des Allemands craignaient que leurs concitoyens soient touch\u00e9s par la d\u00e9sinformation. Et ils avaient de bonnes raisons de le craindre, puisque, pour la seule p\u00e9riode allant de 2015 \u00e0 2021, les chercheurs ont recens\u00e9 plus de <strong>700 campagnes russes de <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/russian-disinformation-threat-looms-large-over-cold-german-winter\/a-63096336\">d\u00e9sinformation<\/a> visant l\u2019Allemagne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et ces efforts consid\u00e9rables ont port\u00e9 leurs fruits :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En 2022, plus de 100,000 personnes ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des protestations et \u00e0 des rassemblements dans l\u2019est de l\u2019Allemagne contre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s venus d\u2019Ukraine ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le 19 janvier 2023, une manifestation s\u2019est tenue \u00e0 Lau\u00dfig, dans le nord de la Saxe, contre un centre d\u2019h\u00e9bergement pour r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ukrainiens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dans le district de Dingolfing-Landau, en Bavi\u00e8re, des incendies criminels ont vis\u00e9, en f\u00e9vrier 2023, des h\u00e9bergements sous tente destin\u00e9s aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ukrainiens ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c0 Strelln, en Saxe, le 31 janvier, environ 200 personnes ont manifest\u00e9 contre l\u2019h\u00e9bergement pr\u00e9vu de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans la commune.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-11.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: How to Find the Truth in the World of Russian Disinformation: German Experience\" class=\"wp-image-22859\" style=\"width:739px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-11.png 811w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-11-600x400.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-11-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-11-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u00c0 Gross Str\u00f6mkendorf, un h\u00f4tel local qui avait auparavant h\u00e9berg\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s venus d\u2019Ukraine a \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9 par un pyromane. Les autorit\u00e9s d\u00e9clarent ne pas croire que l\u2019incendie \u00e9tait motiv\u00e9 par des raisons politiques. Quelques jours avant l\u2019incendie de l\u2019h\u00f4tel, quelqu\u2019un avait peint une croix gamm\u00e9e sur le panneau de la Croix-Rouge \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du b\u00e2timent. (Jens Schlueter\/Getty Images)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even after 2022, when the illegality of Russia&#8217;s actions became obvious, there is still a lack of awareness of the scale of brutality and crimes committed by the Russian military among the general public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the &#8220;Belastungsprobe f\u00fcr die Demokratie&#8221; study, almost one in five Germans believed that NATO provoked Russia for so long that Russia had to start a war (19%). The most worrying trend is that since April 2022, the support for pro-Russian statements has been gradually increasing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tout cela confirme l\u2019existence d\u2019un probl\u00e8me aigu de d\u00e9sinformation russe en Allemagne. Cet article tentera d\u2019expliquer comment elle fonctionne, pourquoi les gens y croient et comment la combattre dans le contexte allemand. C\u2019est particuli\u00e8rement important, car l\u00e0 o\u00f9 la solidarit\u00e9 avec l\u2019Ukraine est moindre, les responsables politiques h\u00e9sitent de plus en plus \u00e0 renforcer leur soutien. Et tandis que les gens doutent de ce qui est vrai, toujours plus d\u2019habitants innocents d\u2019Ukraine meurent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-is-russian-disinformation-so-influential-in-germany-historical-and-cultural-context\"><strong>Pourquoi la d\u00e9sinformation russe est-elle si influente en Allemagne ? Contexte historique et culturel<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les \u00e9lites allemandes estimaient que la paix et la stabilit\u00e9 en Europe ne pouvaient \u00eatre obtenues qu\u2019avec la Russie, et non contre elle. Selon cette conception, la Russie devait s\u2019int\u00e9grer \u00e0 l\u2019Europe, et l\u2019Allemagne se voyait comme un pont qui lui permettrait d\u2019emprunter cette voie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon une enqu\u00eate de la Fondation K\u00f6rber men\u00e9e en 2018, 17% des Allemands consid\u00e9raient la Russie comme le partenaire le plus important de l\u2019Allemagne, au troisi\u00e8me rang apr\u00e8s la France et les \u00c9tats-Unis, et 69% souhaitaient davantage coop\u00e9rer avec elle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Les facteurs suivants ont influenc\u00e9 cette vision :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Historique et politique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, after the Second World War, when the Soviet Union lost more than 26 million people, Germany was left with a &#8220;<strong>complexe de culpabilit\u00e9<\/strong>&#8221; for Russia. For example, Germans frequently see Russia as the only victim of annihilation caused by the war in Central and Eastern Europe. In the same way, they consider Russia to be the only triumphant country. However, the Red Army comprised soldiers from various national backgrounds, and in fact, Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine endured the most extensive destruction and loss of lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second, Germany has been a target of Soviet and later Russian disinformation since the Cold War. In the 1950s, the Soviets tried to raise the threat of a revival of Nazism to encourage support for pro-Soviet parties. And in the 1983 election, Moscow orchestrated what Chancellor Helmut Kohl&#8217;s government called a &#8220;massive propaganda campaign to interfere in West German affairs&#8221; to remove him from power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais le tournant est survenu lorsque le chancelier ouest-allemand Willy Brandt a lanc\u00e9 l\u2019 <strong>Ostpolitik<\/strong> in the early 1970s. Since then, close relations with Russia have become a permanent part of German foreign policy. The idea of this policy was the democratization of Russia through its economic integration. Germany believed that by strengthening economic ties between the countries, Moscow would become less aggressive in preserving its profits. However, the principles of positive interdependence simply do not coincide with Russia&#8217;s perception of its interests and the nature of its state system. Therefore, the result was that Germany itself became dependent on Russia, especially on its gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Germany has become an interesting example of Russia being supported by both right-wing (Alternative f\u00fcr Deutschland) and left-wing (Die Linke) parties. This shows the indifference of the Russian leadership to ideologies since they only understand the concept of &#8220;interests and benefits.&#8221; And it is this approach that leads to great sacrifices because it devalues human life on the way to the goal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2014 and the annexation of Crimea failed to review the legacy of Ostpolitik, but in 2022, Olaf Scholz gave a speech where he announced a plan for a radical break with Germany&#8217;s traditional policy towards Russia. This gives hope for the reduction of Russia&#8217;s influence in Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2<\/strong><strong>. Culturel et social<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Environ 2.5-3 millions d\u2019immigr\u00e9s russophones vivent en Allemagne. Nombre d\u2019entre eux sont socialement isol\u00e9s et ont une connaissance limit\u00e9e de la langue allemande. Par cons\u00e9quent, m\u00eame s\u2019ils vivent dans un autre pays, ils restent dans l\u2019espace informationnel russe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les L\u00e4nder de l\u2019ancienne RDA, qui comptent environ 16 millions d\u2019habitants, constituent une autre cible de la propagande russe. Sous la domination sovi\u00e9tique, la culture russe s\u2019est largement r\u00e9pandue. Les enfants lisaient Dosto\u00efevski et Tolsto\u00ef \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, \u00e9coutaient Tcha\u00efkovski et apprenaient le russe comme langue \u00e9trang\u00e8re. Ce lien culturel n\u2019est pas si facile \u00e0 rompre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aujourd\u2019hui, il existe m\u00eame un terme particulier : <strong>\u00ab Ostalgie \u00bb,<\/strong> based on the combination of the words Ost (German for &#8220;east&#8221;) and Nostalgia for people who miss Germany&#8217;s communist past.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"446\" height=\"345\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-13.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: How to Find the Truth in the World of Russian Disinformation: German Experience\" class=\"wp-image-22863\" style=\"width:364px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-13.png 446w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-13-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Souvenirs sovi\u00e9tiques et de la RDA en vente \u00e0 Berlin en 2006<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, the Russian leadership actively promoted informal integration activities such as exchanges. For example, 15-year-old Angela Merkel won a trip to Moscow as a reward for her performance in East Germany&#8217;s national Russian-language competition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avant 2022, le Forum germano-russe constituait notamment un exemple \u00e9loquent de cette interaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces liens culturels ont fortement influenc\u00e9 le pays et sa perception de la Russie. Kristi Raik \u00e9crit dans son article que l\u2019Allemagne semble croire de mani\u00e8re presque doctrinale \u00e0 la valeur du d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un dialogue avec la Russie, souvent sans id\u00e9e claire de ce dont elle veut parler. Cela peut r\u00e9sulter de la conviction de l\u2019Allemagne que ses relations avec la Russie sont uniques et qu\u2019elle exerce une influence sur celle-ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another characteristic feature of many Germans is the rejection of radicalism, both in actions and in thoughts, which derives from the World War II legacy. Although sometimes there is simply an aggressor and a victim, they believe that there is no black or white and want to look at the situation from different angles. A commitment to negotiations isn&#8217;t always an effective tactic in a war, where quick decisions and a firm position are required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3<\/strong><strong>. \u00c9conomique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over the last 26 years, Germany&#8217;s exports to Russia grew by 6.22% year-over-year from $6.51 billion in 1995 to $31.3 billion in 2021, while Russia&#8217;s exports to Germany grew by 4.56% from $6.04 billion in 1995 to $19.2 billion in 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsque les troupes russes ont envahi l\u2019Ukraine, la Russie fournissait plus de la moiti\u00e9 de tout le gaz naturel import\u00e9 par l\u2019Allemagne, soit environ $220 millions par jour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nombre des plus grandes entreprises allemandes entretiennent d\u2019importantes relations commerciales avec la Russie. Le consortium Nord Stream 2 comprenait les entreprises allemandes Uniper et Wintershall, tandis que l\u2019ancien chancelier Gerhard Schroeder (SPD) est pr\u00e9sident du conseil d\u2019administration de Nord Stream AG. L\u2019influence des grandes entreprises au sein de l\u2019Union chr\u00e9tienne-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) a limit\u00e9 la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une confrontation avec Moscou \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Merkel.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"731\" height=\"488\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-12.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: How to Find the Truth in the World of Russian Disinformation: German Experience\" class=\"wp-image-22862\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-12.png 731w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-12-600x401.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-12-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Le gazoduc Nord Stream 2 aux abords de Lubmin, en Allemagne. Lena Mucha pour The NYT<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00eame apr\u00e8s l\u2019invasion \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de l\u2019Ukraine, Gazprom tente encore de pr\u00e9server sa position en Allemagne. Par exemple, une r\u00e9cente enqu\u00eate de Correctiv, un portail d\u2019information en ligne, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 un r\u00e9seau de liens entre des responsables politiques allemands, des groupes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques allemands et une poign\u00e9e d\u2019ONG. Une particularit\u00e9 des lobbyistes russes est de cibler certains L\u00e4nder allemands ; par exemple, ils ont acquis une influence particuli\u00e8rement importante en Mecklembourg-Pom\u00e9ranie-Occidentale. De nombreux anciens et actuels ministres-pr\u00e9sidents des 16 L\u00e4nder allemands \u00e9taient membres et invit\u00e9s d\u2019honneur d\u2019organisations g\u00e9n\u00e9reusement financ\u00e9es telles que le Forum germano-russe des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, la Chambre de commerce ext\u00e9rieur germano-russe et le Dialogue of Civilisations Research Institute, de courte dur\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, la guerre \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle en Ukraine a consid\u00e9rablement modifi\u00e9 les relations entre la Russie et l\u2019Allemagne et r\u00e9duit leurs liens \u00e9conomiques. Les statistiques indiquent qu\u2019entre octobre 2022 et octobre 2023, les exportations de l\u2019Allemagne ont diminu\u00e9 de \u20ac-376M (-38.2%), passant de \u20ac986M \u00e0 \u20ac610M, tandis que les importations ont diminu\u00e9 de \u20ac-1.56B (-86.3%), passant de \u20ac1.8B \u00e0 \u20ac246M.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-methods-does-russia-use-in-germany\"><strong>Quelles m\u00e9thodes la Russie utilise-t-elle en Allemagne ?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsque nous pensons \u00e0 la d\u00e9sinformation, la premi\u00e8re chose qui nous vient \u00e0 l\u2019esprit est qu\u2019elle cherche constamment \u00e0 nous imposer des mensonges. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la d\u00e9sinformation est bien plus sophistiqu\u00e9e, et les m\u00e9thodes utilis\u00e9es par la Russie sont bien plus vari\u00e9es. En voici quelques-unes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.<\/strong> <strong>&#8220;Controlled chaos&#8221; or &#8220;variety of truths&#8221;.<\/strong> For example, when Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was shot down, the Ministry of Defense of Russia held a special press conference where it presented various scenarios. Although they were mutually contradictory and did not withstand even a brief examination by experts, they fulfilled their purpose &#8211; to sow doubts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A more modern example is the mass media&#8217;s coverage of the tragic events in Bucha. As noted by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, during the time this settlement was under the control of the Russian Armed Forces, not a single local resident suffered from any violent actions. In other news reports, the footage of the dead people was called staging and claimed that &#8220;bodies are moving.&#8221; Lavrov said that this was a fake attack by the Kyiv authorities, and Lukashenko blamed Great Britain for the provocation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main goal of this &#8220;informational chaos&#8221; is to make us doubt because then we are no longer sure who is right and cannot make decisions to confront injustice, as it becomes unclear who is guilty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Russian news is a real art of the absurd. As Splidsboel Hansen wrote in his report, &#8220;In the best postmodern tradition, there is no &#8216;objective news&#8217; &#8211; only different, rivaling interpretations which purport to show different aspects of what may be called &#8216;reality.'&#8221; When we read the news that Ukraine breeds combat locusts and sends them to the battlefield or uses birds as biological weapons, it does not mean that we should believe it. But with so many variations of the truth, we get confused and lose the ability to respond effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.<\/strong> <strong>Faits omis ou r\u00e9cits pass\u00e9s sous silence.<\/strong> For example, when the state-controlled media avoided news about the Russian invasion of Crimea in February 2014. Only when Putin openly admitted that the &#8220;little green men&#8221; were actually Russian troops did journalists begin to write about the topic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.<\/strong> <strong>Le \u00ab bon r\u00e9cit \u00bb. <\/strong>This means that the news reports true events, but the &#8220;correct opinion&#8221; is imposed on the reader. It may not necessarily contain falsehood, but it is done to form certain political preferences in him. For example, if Russian mass media write about the training of the Armed Forces abroad, they will write that Russia has sent a note to NATO countries regarding the supply of weapons to Ukraine, and the pumping of Ukraine with weapons by the West has a negative effect on Russian-Ukrainian negotiations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Sortir les faits de leur contexte.<\/strong> This method is very common to mislead the reader. When creating such disinformation, propagandists choose the information that forms the desired opinion, and information that contradicts it is not mentioned. For example, Russian propagandists disseminated a distorted speech by the top US general, Christopher Cavoli, where he allegedly said that &#8220;the Russian military is apparently &#8216;unscathed,&#8217; and the Western media are distorting information about the &#8216;degradation&#8217; of the Russian troops.&#8221; In fact, the general said only about the Russian patrols in the Atlantic Ocean that it was this part of their forces that was not affected by the war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Pseudo-experts, sources fictives.<\/strong> Ainsi, l\u2019observateur militaire Viktor Lytovkin a fait \u00e9tat de la perte par l\u2019Ukraine de plus de 400 Bayraktar, alors que l\u2019entreprise turque Baykar Tech n\u2019avait produit qu\u2019environ 300 de ces appareils au total \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque. Ces m\u00e9thodes sont utilis\u00e9es pour accro\u00eetre la fiabilit\u00e9 apparente et le caract\u00e8re scientifique de l\u2019information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. Manipulation par des photos et des vid\u00e9os.<\/strong> An example of this can again be the situation when Russian mass media distributed a video where Zelensky had cocaine on his table, although it was photoshopped. The strategy for faking a photo or video isn&#8217;t necessarily to trick everyone into believing it&#8217;s real. The cheap and easy production and distribution of images and videos online make these formats the most widely used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. Forte charge \u00e9motionnelle.<\/strong> Its purpose is to suppress the rational thinking of the audience. Carolyn Schwartz of ISD Germany writes: &#8220;As emotions such as anger or fear are evoked, people tend to share this content.&#8221; For example, the story about the boy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delfi.lt\/ru\/detektor-lzhi\/lozh\/feyk-ukrainskie-voennye-raspyali-trehletnego-rebenka-89665481\">crucifi\u00e9<\/a> par l\u2019arm\u00e9e ukrainienne a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement diffus\u00e9e sur Internet. Bien que ce gar\u00e7on n\u2019ait jamais exist\u00e9 et que la vid\u00e9o soit un faux, elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 tourn\u00e9e et diffus\u00e9e par des journalistes de la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision russe en 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-is-russian-disinformation-spread\"><strong>Comment la d\u00e9sinformation russe est-elle diffus\u00e9e ?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"945\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-14.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: How to Find the Truth in the World of Russian Disinformation: German Experience\" class=\"wp-image-22864\" style=\"width:723px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-14.png 945w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-14-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-14-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-14-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 945px) 100vw, 945px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019objectif de la d\u00e9sinformation russe est d\u2019atteindre un public aussi large que possible, de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence en devenant virale sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux et les plateformes de d\u00e9sinformation en ligne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2021, l\u2019organe de propagande RT DE comptait plus de 625,000 abonn\u00e9s sur Facebook et 608,000 sur YouTube, selon une \u00e9tude de Belltower News.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon le rapport du Service europ\u00e9en pour l\u2019action ext\u00e9rieure (SEAE) sur la menace que repr\u00e9sentent la manipulation de l\u2019information et l\u2019ing\u00e9rence \u00e9trang\u00e8res (FIMI), la d\u00e9sinformation est diffus\u00e9e dans plus de 30 langues, dont 16 sont des langues de l\u2019UE. La Russie a utilis\u00e9 davantage de langues que la Chine, 44% des contenus visant des groupes russophones et 36% des groupes anglophones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lutz Gullner, head of strategic communications at the European External Action Service (EEAS), warns that &#8220;disinformation is now being spread quite freely through diplomatic channels, such as the accounts of Russian embassies and consulates.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les r\u00e9seaux sociaux jouent \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le important dans la diffusion de la m\u00e9sinformation. L\u2019\u00e9tude a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que plus de 50 % des internautes de 24 pays diff\u00e9rents les utilisent comme source d\u2019information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En ao\u00fbt 2022, t-online a publi\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate sur un r\u00e9seau de centaines de faux comptes en Allemagne qui publiaient, dans les commentaires, des liens vers de faux sites d\u2019information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une analyse de CORRECTIV a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que, pratiquement chaque jour, des campagnes pro-russes en Allemagne cr\u00e9aient de nouvelles pages Facebook, puis y diffusaient des publicit\u00e9s payantes. Elles ont employ\u00e9 cette man\u0153uvre l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, lorsque Meta a indiqu\u00e9 que plus de $100,000 avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pens\u00e9s en publicit\u00e9s sur Facebook et Instagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au cours de la seule premi\u00e8re semaine de la guerre, des vid\u00e9os de sources diverses sur TikTok portant les hashtags #Russia et #Ukraine ont enregistr\u00e9 37.2 milliards et 8.5 milliards de vues. Une \u00e9tude de la startup m\u00e9diatique am\u00e9ricaine NewsGuard a \u00e9galement montr\u00e9 que les recherches sur TikTok conduisent bien plus souvent \u00e0 de la m\u00e9sinformation que, par exemple, celles effectu\u00e9es sur Google. Lors d\u2019une recherche s\u00e9lective sur l\u2019actualit\u00e9, presque 20% des r\u00e9sultats contenaient des informations incorrectes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And although Germany and Europe actively fight against disinformation, it still has a strong influence and finds various means to affect people\u2019s opinions people. For example, a number of pro-Russian YouTube channels, such as &#8220;InfraRot Medien &#8211; Sicht ins Dunkel&#8221; (InfraRed Media &#8211; Light in the Dark), which belongs to Ivan Rodionov, who worked at the Russian broadcaster RT DE from 2014 until October 2021. Or the blog &#8220;Anti-Spiegel&#8221; by St. Petersburg-based Thomas R\u00f6per or Alina Lipp. Most of them also have Telegram channels, for example, one ruled by Lipp currently has over 182,000 subscribers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les lecteurs ordinaires jouent \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le important dans la diffusion de la m\u00e9sinformation, lorsque l\u2019on ignore que l\u2019information est fausse et qu\u2019on la partage involontairement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mais pourquoi est-elle si efficace ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Les caract\u00e9ristiques de la d\u00e9sinformation russe sont<\/strong> its huge volumes, speed of delivery, constant repetition, lack of logic, and indifference to reality and objective truth. Russian propagandists also have a high level of immorality, which allows them, for example, to claim that the airstrikes on the maternity hospital and children&#8217;s hospital No. 3 in Mariupol were fake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Georgii Pocheptsov, docteur en sciences philologiques et auteur de nombreux ouvrages sur les technologies de la communication, identifie <strong>cinq facteurs qui expliquent l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9sinformation<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>la d\u00e9sinformation d\u00e9termine d\u2019abord le discours, ce qui la rend difficile \u00e0 r\u00e9futer ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>elle s\u2019appuie sur des caract\u00e9ristiques d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sentes dans la conscience collective ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>elle cible des groupes sociaux sp\u00e9cifiques et les polarise ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les r\u00e9cits contribuent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de contre-r\u00e9cits, ce qui ne fait qu\u2019intensifier la confrontation ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>un affrontement dans l\u2019espace informationnel manifeste la disposition \u00e0 transf\u00e9rer le conflit dans l\u2019espace physique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les aspects psychologiques sont \u00e9galement importants, car ils nous pr\u00e9disposent \u00e0 croire plus facilement \u00e0 la propagande :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We assume that what we hear, read, see, and feel is true \u2013 this is what psychology calls &#8220;truth bias.\u201d And the more often we, people, hear something, the more likely we are to consider it true.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We are also more likely to believe information that supports our beliefs. Van der Linden, Professor of Social Psychology in Society at the University of Cambridge, extends this to a sense of belonging to a group: &#8220;People also share misinformation because it corresponds to people&#8217;s deep-rooted social, political, religious, spiritual, and other belief systems, and it is a way for people to define their identity in order to express groups, to which they belong to. &#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We strive to be unique. Pia Lamberti, managing director of the Center for Monitoring, Analysis, and Strategy (CeMAS), writes that it makes us feel more informed. And psychologist Roland Imhof also claims that it gives us a sense of &#8220;empowerment and a sense of control.&#8221; That is why RT&#8217;s slogan is &#8220;Question more&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disinformation is often more &#8220;entertaining&#8221; than sometimes &#8220;dry&#8221; facts. False statements are also often presented &#8220;intrusively&#8221; and written in capital letters with many exclamation marks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nous avons \u00e9galement tendance \u00e0 croire que les informations re\u00e7ues de diff\u00e9rentes sources reposent tr\u00e8s probablement sur des points de vue diff\u00e9rents et m\u00e9ritent donc notre attention.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lorsque le sujet nous int\u00e9resse moins, nous sommes plus enclins \u00e0 croire qu\u2019une information est vraie si elle est beaucoup r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e, car nous percevons cette r\u00e9p\u00e9tition comme un signe de sa v\u00e9racit\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is a &#8220;sleeper effect,&#8221; which refers to the phenomenon in which sources with a low level of credibility later acquire high persuasive power. While we first assess the credibility of the source, information is often separated from it during memorization. Therefore, later, we do not remember the source, only the information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019information que nous avons crue, mais qui s\u2019est ensuite r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e fausse, continue d\u2019influencer notre m\u00e9moire et notre jugement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-the-most-popular-topics-for-disinformation\"><strong>Quels sont les th\u00e8mes les plus fr\u00e9quents de la d\u00e9sinformation ?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La base de donn\u00e9es EUvsDisinfo a recens\u00e9 plus de 6 000 cas individuels de d\u00e9sinformation visant l\u2019Ukraine, ce qui repr\u00e9sente plus de 40 % de tous les cas de la base.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-17.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: How to Find the Truth in the World of Russian Disinformation: German Experience\" class=\"wp-image-22867\" style=\"width:519px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-17.png 802w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-17-600x287.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-17-768x367.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-17-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon le rapport sur le paysage de la d\u00e9sinformation en Allemagne, l\u2019Allemagne \u00e9tait la principale cible occidentale de la propagande russe avant m\u00eame l\u2019invasion russe de f\u00e9vrier 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sur le site d\u00e9di\u00e9 EUvsDisinfo, l\u2019\u00e9quipe de Bruxelles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundesregierung.de\/breg-de\/schwerpunkte\/umgang-mit-desinformation\/aus-narrativen-desinformation-2080112\">a identifi\u00e9<\/a> cinq principaux r\u00e9cits pro-Kremlin :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les \u00e9lites sont contre le peuple et sont responsables de toutes sortes d\u2019abus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La Russie soutient les groupes conservateurs dans leur opposition aux droits des femmes, des minorit\u00e9s ethniques et religieuses ou de la communaut\u00e9 LGBT.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Souverainet\u00e9 perdue \/ identit\u00e9 nationale menac\u00e9e. Par exemple, l\u2019Occident privera d\u2019autres pays de leur souverainet\u00e9 et les rendra d\u00e9pendants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The collapse of Western countries or the entire EU is approaching, where Russia is an &#8220;island of stability&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Hahaganda&#8221;. This narrative is based on ridiculing institutions and politicians in order to undermine the credibility and reputation of the institution and the individual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de la guerre, le Kremlin a surtout promu les r\u00e9cits suivants :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. &#8220;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220425\/rusofobiya-1785415521.html\"><strong>russophobie<\/strong><\/a><strong>&#8221; gripped the world.<\/strong> This is a very convenient position: if you do not support the crimes of Russia, you are simply a &#8220;Russophobe&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. L\u2019Ukraine a \u00e9t\u00e9 prise par les nazis.<\/strong> Zelenskyi turns out to be the new Hitler, the Kyiv regime is a terrorist, and Ukrainians should meet the Russian military &#8220;with bouquets of flowers.&#8221; And what difference does it make that Zelensky is from a Jewish family or that when he ran for office, his main idea was to unify the country, regardless of, for example, the language people speak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Dr. Fishman: \u201cThis propaganda is an attempt to delegitimize Ukraine in the eyes of the Russian public, which considers its war against Nazi Germany its greatest moment, and in the eyes of the Western publics who may not know much about Ukraine except that it&#8217;s next to Russia.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moreover, we see the development of this narrative. At the beginning of the war, Russia called only the government Nazis, and saw Ukrainians as victims, and wanted to &#8220;save&#8221; them. Whereas now, the entire Ukrainian nation has become an enemy, which legitimizes violence against people and murder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And while Russia shouts about &#8220;neo-Nazis&#8221; in Ukraine, they do not pay attention to themselves. While the whole world remembers the tragedy of the Second World War and shouts, &#8220;Never again,&#8221; Russians write on their cars, &#8220;We can repeat.&#8221;&nbsp; And when it comes to the danger of nuclear war, Putin says, &#8220;Why do we need such a world if there is no Russia?\u201c. Aleksandr Dugin, one of the main theorists of Russian modern philosophy, publicly encourages the Russian authorities: &#8220;Ukrainians should be killed, killed, killed &#8211; as a professor, I think so.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. Au cours de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 et du d\u00e9but de l\u2019automne 2022, <strong>le r\u00e9cit de la crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/strong> caused by the Russian war and its consequences gained considerable popularity in Germany. The so-called &#8220;Furious Fall&#8221; and &#8220;Winter of Rage&#8221; were actively discussed both in the mass media and in the conspiracy-ideological environment. Researcher Smirnova claims that the goal is to depict the energy crisis in Europe as a consequence of the West&#8217;s solidarity with Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. R\u00e9cits anti-r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et anti-migrants. <\/strong>L\u2019exemple le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre de cette d\u00e9sinformation remonte \u00e0 2016, lorsque les m\u00e9dias allemands ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diffuser l\u2019histoire d\u2019une jeune Germano-Russe nomm\u00e9e Lisa, qui aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9e par des migrants. Cette histoire visait \u00e0 attiser la polarisation interne du pays. Or, cette jeune fille n\u2019a jamais exist\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"843\" height=\"562\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png\" alt=\"Cover image for: Wie man in der Welt der russischen Desinformation die Wahrheit findet: Deutsche Erfahrung\" class=\"wp-image-22868\" style=\"width:699px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png 843w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18-600x400.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 843px) 100vw, 843px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Des personnes manifestent en soutien \u00e0 la Russie \u00e0 Francfort, en Allemagne, en avril. (Thomas Lohnes\/Getty Images)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainsi, lorsque plus de 7,5 millions de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019Ukraine sont arriv\u00e9s dans l\u2019UE, ce sujet est, bien s\u00fbr, devenu l\u2019un des th\u00e8mes privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s de la d\u00e9sinformation. Par exemple, une vid\u00e9o montrant un important incendie pr\u00e9tendument provoqu\u00e9 par un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 ukrainien a largement circul\u00e9 en Allemagne. Elle s\u2019est ensuite r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e fausse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toutefois, ces r\u00e9cits exercent une forte influence sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande. Un sondage de la fondation Bertelsmann a montr\u00e9 que la part des Allemands estimant que le pays devrait accueillir des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019Ukraine est pass\u00e9e de 86 % en mars, au d\u00e9but de la guerre, \u00e0 74 % en septembre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The European Policy Centre found that, in contrast to disinformation directed at Middle Eastern refugees that portrayed them as a &#8220;cultural&#8221; threat to Europeans, the campaign against Ukrainian refugees presented them as a threat to the health and wealth of Europeans. Across the EU, false and misleading stories related to housing support, easier access to education and health care, and financial assistance provided to refugees from Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A particularly prominent example was the statement by CDU (Christian Democratic Union) leader Friedrich Merz, who spoke of &#8220;welfare tourism&#8221; by Ukrainian refugees in September 2022. According to research by the tagesschau, this false claim was set off by a voice message on Telegram which talked about people from Ukraine regularly traveling to Ukraine with a bus company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce r\u00e9sultat est notamment illustr\u00e9 par les donn\u00e9es du sondage OPAM, qui confirment qu\u2019un nombre croissant d\u2019Europ\u00e9ens estiment que leurs gouvernements traitent mieux les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ukrainiens qu\u2019eux-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-has-been-done-to-combat-russian-disinformation-1\"><strong>Qu\u2019a-t-on fait pour lutter contre la d\u00e9sinformation russe ?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2021, Jakub Kalensk\u00fd, directeur adjoint de COI Hybrid Influence et l\u2019un des cofondateurs de la campagne EUvsDisinfo, a distingu\u00e9 <strong>4 lignes de d\u00e9fense contre la d\u00e9sinformation<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>documenter les menaces (simultan\u00e9ment par les pouvoirs publics, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et les m\u00e9dias) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sensibiliser ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>corriger les faiblesses ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>entraver les agresseurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les actions men\u00e9es contre la d\u00e9sinformation peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9parties en <strong>deux cat\u00e9gories : celles mises en \u0153uvre par l\u2019\u00c9tat et celles men\u00e9es par des organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La premi\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie comprend les mesures suivantes :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En f\u00e9vrier 2022, l\u2019UE a interdit les m\u00e9dias Russia Today et Sputnik ; la Commission allemande de l\u2019agr\u00e9ment et de la surveillance (ZAK) a pris la m\u00eame d\u00e9cision en Allemagne ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plus tard cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0, l\u2019UE a instaur\u00e9, dans le cadre du r\u00e8glement sur les services num\u00e9riques (Digital Services Act), des r\u00e8gles strictes pour les plateformes technologiques afin de combattre la d\u00e9sinformation en ligne (ce r\u00e8glement a \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9 bien avant la guerre) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019Allemagne ne dispose pas de loi ad hoc criminalisant la d\u00e9sinformation en tant que telle. Toutefois, la loi allemande sur l\u2019application du droit sur les r\u00e9seaux (NetzDG) permet le retrait des r\u00e9seaux sociaux des fausses nouvelles p\u00e9nalement r\u00e9pr\u00e9hensibles et d\u2019autres contenus illicites ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La modification du trait\u00e9 inter\u00e9tatique sur les m\u00e9dias (Medienstaatsvertrag) a ajout\u00e9 des mesures de lutte contre la d\u00e9sinformation et la m\u00e9sinformation. Par exemple, les autorit\u00e9s m\u00e9diatiques des L\u00e4nder ont \u00e9t\u00e9 habilit\u00e9es \u00e0 engager des proc\u00e9dures contre des m\u00e9dias lorsque les obligations de diligence journalistique n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 suffisamment respect\u00e9es ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As part of the program &#8220;Demokratie Leben!&#8221; the Federal Ministry of Family, Senior Citizens, Women, and Youth (BMFSFJ) supports projects that provide information on how to combat misinformation and conspiracy theories.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Les activit\u00e9s des v\u00e9rificateurs de faits et des ONG s\u2019inscrivent dans les cadres suivants :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The EEAS East StratCom Task Force which was created in 2015 by the EU to respond to Russian disinformation. Within it, the members of the task force produced new materials of EEAS diplomacy by introducing practices they referred to as &#8216;myth-busting&#8217; and &#8216;positive narrative projection.&#8217; For example, the project EUvsDisinfo is one of EEAS\u00b4s products ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019Observatoire europ\u00e9en des m\u00e9dias num\u00e9riques (EDMO), qui sert de p\u00f4le de collaboration entre v\u00e9rificateurs de faits, universitaires et autres parties prenantes concern\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CORRECTIV, Germany&#8217;s first donation-funded media and one of Germany&#8217;s leading fact-checkers. Their position is that only education helps to resist the flow of misleading statements and targeted disinformation ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DPA-FACTCHECKING, la rubrique de v\u00e9rification des faits de la principale agence de presse allemande.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ARD-Faktenfinder, la rubrique de v\u00e9rification des faits du diffuseur public allemand ARD.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BR24 #Faktenfuchs, la rubrique de v\u00e9rification des faits du diffuseur public bavarois BR et signataire v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 par l\u2019IFCN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u2019autres initiatives visant \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la litt\u00e9ratie m\u00e9diatique, telles que DigiBitS et Klicksafe, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-else-needs-to-be-done\"><strong>Que faut-il encore faire ?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la lutte contre la d\u00e9sinformation, les mesures suivantes devraient \u00eatre prises :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019accro\u00eetre le niveau de <strong>synchronisation<\/strong> des mesures contre la d\u00e9sinformation. Cela est important pour \u00e9viter les doublons. Par exemple, nous pouvons mettre en place un syst\u00e8me de surveillance synchronis\u00e9 qui suit en temps r\u00e9el la propagation de la d\u00e9sinformation sur diff\u00e9rentes plateformes et diff\u00e9rents canaux. Une autre application de la synchronisation peut prendre la forme de campagnes collaboratives, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de campagnes coordonn\u00e9es entre plusieurs organisations, m\u00e9dias et plateformes sociales afin de diffuser des informations coh\u00e9rentes et exactes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. La d\u00e9sinformation est un probl\u00e8me syst\u00e9mique ; il faut donc disposer de <strong>m\u00e9thodes centralis\u00e9es<\/strong> pour la combattre. Elles jouent un r\u00f4le important pour \u00e9tablir une autorit\u00e9 claire et permettre une prise de d\u00e9cision efficace dans la lutte contre la d\u00e9sinformation. Compte tenu de la nature mondiale de la d\u00e9sinformation, des organisations internationales centralis\u00e9es et des accords peuvent faciliter la coop\u00e9ration entre les nations afin de lutter efficacement contre les campagnes de d\u00e9sinformation transfronti\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. It is necessary to move from a &#8216;debunking approach&#8217; to a <strong>&#8216;prebunking strategy,&#8217;<\/strong> ce qui signifie s\u2019\u00e9loigner de la v\u00e9rification des r\u00e9cits mensongers isol\u00e9s qui circulent en ligne. C\u2019est important, car ces m\u00e9thodes de d\u00e9mystification ne permettent d\u2019intervenir qu\u2019apr\u00e8s la diffusion de fausses informations. Selon le psychologue Stephan Lewandowsky, le pr\u00e9bunking se compose de deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>un avertissement explicite d\u2019une menace imminente ; et<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>une sensibilisation aux techniques de manipulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The advantage of this method is that it allows you to make the &#8220;first step.&#8221; And as we know, we trust the information we hear for the first time more. We have to consider in advance the different potential scenarios and assess what narratives and methods of disinformation might be used in these circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019une telle approche implique plusieurs mesures pratiques :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Renforcement de la collecte et de l\u2019analyse du renseignement ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collaboration entre les gouvernements, les services de renseignement, les entreprises technologiques, les \u00e9tablissements de recherche et les organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Organisation d\u2019exercices de planification par sc\u00e9narios afin d\u2019anticiper les situations possibles o\u00f9 la d\u00e9sinformation pourrait appara\u00eetre ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Encouragement \u00e0 la recherche interdisciplinaire associant psychologie, communication, technologie et sciences sociales ;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exploitation de technologies avanc\u00e9es telles que l\u2019intelligence artificielle et le traitement automatique du langage naturel afin de rep\u00e9rer les premiers signes de campagnes de d\u00e9sinformation et de pr\u00e9voir les r\u00e9cits potentiels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. Il est n\u00e9cessaire de concentrer les efforts sur la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un <strong>syst\u00e8me de surveillance<\/strong> <strong>en temps r\u00e9el<\/strong>. Cela permettra d\u2019\u00e9valuer la port\u00e9e et l\u2019impact probables de la d\u00e9sinformation avant d\u2019intervenir et de rendre la r\u00e9ponse plus rapide et plus efficace. Compte tenu de la complexit\u00e9 de la t\u00e2che et de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de disposer d\u2019une expertise issue de divers domaines, une \u00e9quipe ou un organe pluridisciplinaire serait le mieux \u00e0 m\u00eame d\u2019administrer un tel syst\u00e8me. Il serait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de cr\u00e9er une unit\u00e9 interinstitutionnelle sp\u00e9cifiquement charg\u00e9e de surveiller les menaces de d\u00e9sinformation et d\u2019y r\u00e9pondre. Cette unit\u00e9 serait compos\u00e9e de repr\u00e9sentants de diff\u00e9rentes administrations publiques, chacune apportant son expertise. Parmi les principaux organismes susceptibles de faire partie de cette unit\u00e9 figurent le minist\u00e8re f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur, le minist\u00e8re f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de la D\u00e9fense, le minist\u00e8re f\u00e9d\u00e9ral charg\u00e9 des Infrastructures num\u00e9riques, les Services f\u00e9d\u00e9raux de renseignement, les Agences de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9, entre autres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. Bien qu\u2019il existe de nombreuses <strong>initiatives visant \u00e0 renforcer la litt\u00e9ratie m\u00e9diatique<\/strong>, il faut en accro\u00eetre le nombre. Les efforts actuels de lutte contre la d\u00e9sinformation tendent \u00e0 n\u00e9gliger certains segments de la population qui peuvent y \u00eatre plus vuln\u00e9rables. Il faut donc \u00e9galement recourir \u00e0 la <strong>segmentation<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire tenir compte des diff\u00e9rences entre les personnes, puisque diff\u00e9rents types de d\u00e9sinformation ciblent diff\u00e9rentes personnes dont les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019am\u00e9liorer leur litt\u00e9ratie m\u00e9diatique diff\u00e8rent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voici certains des principaux <strong>publics cibles<\/strong> \u00e0 prendre en consid\u00e9ration :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les jeunes et les \u00e9tudiants. Les jeunes sont de grands utilisateurs des m\u00e9dias num\u00e9riques et des plateformes sociales, ce qui en fait \u00e0 la fois des consommateurs et des diffuseurs d\u2019information ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es. Elles peuvent \u00eatre moins famili\u00e8res des plateformes num\u00e9riques et plus susceptibles de croire \u00e0 la m\u00e9sinformation et de la partager ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les communaut\u00e9s rurales. Les habitants des zones rurales peuvent avoir un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 des sources d\u2019information diversifi\u00e9es et \u00eatre plus vuln\u00e9rables aux campagnes de d\u00e9sinformation cibl\u00e9es. L\u2019engagement des communaut\u00e9s locales, les ateliers et les actions de sensibilisation peuvent contribuer \u00e0 renforcer leur litt\u00e9ratie m\u00e9diatique ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les personnes \u00e0 faible revenu. Les facteurs socio\u00e9conomiques peuvent influer sur le type d\u2019information que les personnes consultent et sur la mani\u00e8re dont elles y acc\u00e8dent. Les actions de sensibilisation doivent tenir compte du co\u00fbt des technologies et de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet, tout en proposant des formats accessibles pour am\u00e9liorer la litt\u00e9ratie m\u00e9diatique ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les communaut\u00e9s minoritaires et immigr\u00e9es. Ces groupes peuvent se heurter \u00e0 des barri\u00e8res linguistiques ou mal conna\u00eetre le paysage m\u00e9diatique allemand. Fournir des informations dans plusieurs langues et dans des contextes culturellement pertinents peut aider \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 leurs besoins sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. Une attention particuli\u00e8re doit \u00eatre accord\u00e9e \u00e0 la <strong>sensibilisation des personnes qui jouent un r\u00f4le d\u2019interm\u00e9diaire<\/strong>; en particulier des journalistes et des m\u00e9dias, ainsi que des enseignants. En effet, ils ne se contentent pas de recevoir l\u2019information : ils disposent des moyens de la diffuser largement aupr\u00e8s d\u2019autres personnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7. Il est n\u00e9cessaire de surveiller non seulement les fausses informations, mais aussi <strong>la finalit\u00e9 qui pr\u00e9side \u00e0 leur apparition<\/strong>, par exemple, la d\u00e9sinformation sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vise \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la x\u00e9nophobie et \u00e0 polariser la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Il est alors possible d\u2019adopter une approche globale du probl\u00e8me que la d\u00e9sinformation engendre et d\u2019en traiter les cons\u00e9quences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8. L\u2019Allemagne <strong>n\u2019a pas besoin de se concentrer sur ses relations avec la Russie. <\/strong>Il est n\u00e9cessaire de s\u2019\u00e9loigner de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage de l\u2019Ostpolitik et de promouvoir les contacts avec d\u2019autres pays d\u2019Europe de l\u2019Est, et tout particuli\u00e8rement avec l\u2019Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><em>Avertissement : les points de vue, pens\u00e9es et opinions exprim\u00e9s dans les articles publi\u00e9s sur ce site n\u2019appartiennent qu\u2019\u00e0 leurs auteurs et ne refl\u00e8tent pas n\u00e9cessairement ceux du Transatlantic Dialogue Center, de ses comit\u00e9s ou de ses organisations affili\u00e9es. Ces articles visent \u00e0 stimuler le dialogue et la discussion et ne repr\u00e9sentent pas les positions politiques officielles du Transatlantic Dialogue Center ni de toute autre organisation \u00e0 laquelle les auteurs peuvent \u00eatre associ\u00e9s.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key Takeaways Why is the topic of Russian disinformation important in Germany? Information is a weapon. And Russia knows this well. In February 2013, General Valery Gerasimov, Chief of the Russian General Staff, published a short piece on &#8216;the value of science in forecasting,&#8217; in which he outlined the contours of future warfare. He inaugurated [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":22868,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,58],"tags":[],"topic":[99,96,116,84],"class_list":["post-22855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-en-analyses","category-eng-western-europe","topic-disinformation","topic-germany","topic-hybrid-warfare","topic-russia"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Germany\u2019s Experience Countering Russian Disinformation | TDC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Russia\u2019s disinformation in Germany influences public opinion, leading to protests, arson attacks, and rising pro-Russian sentiment despite the aggression.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Germany\u2019s Experience Countering Russian Disinformation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Russia\u2019s disinformation in Germany influences public opinion, leading to protests, arson attacks, and rising pro-Russian sentiment despite the aggression.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Transatlantic Dialogue Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Transatlantic-Dialogue-Center-105645698740463\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-03-14T10:19:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-04T09:00:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"562\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Daryna Sydorenko\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Germany\u2019s Experience Countering Russian Disinformation\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Russia\u2019s disinformation in Germany influences public opinion, leading to protests, arson attacks, and rising pro-Russian sentiment despite the aggression.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Daryna Sydorenko\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"27 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Daryna Sydorenko\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#\/schema\/person\/98e2f5bb6c890bd0e4fb5c6144121453\"},\"headline\":\"How to Find the Truth in the World of Russian Disinformation: German Experience\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-03-14T10:19:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-04T09:00:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/\"},\"wordCount\":5595,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"English Analyses\",\"Western Europe\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/\",\"name\":\"Germany\u2019s Experience Countering Russian Disinformation | TDC\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-03-14T10:19:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-04T09:00:49+00:00\",\"description\":\"Russia\u2019s disinformation in Germany influences public opinion, leading to protests, arson attacks, and rising pro-Russian sentiment despite the aggression.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png\",\"width\":843,\"height\":562,\"caption\":\"Cover image for: Wie man in der Welt der russischen Desinformation die Wahrheit findet: Deutsche Erfahrung\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How to Find the Truth in the World of Russian Disinformation: German Experience\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/\",\"name\":\"Transatlantic Dialogue Center\",\"description\":\"Promoting International Peace and Security\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Transatlantic Dialogue Center\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/google.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/google.png\",\"width\":2568,\"height\":2487,\"caption\":\"Transatlantic Dialogue Center\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Transatlantic-Dialogue-Center-105645698740463\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCpJuhU4JBfpv_jsldNOc5LA\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#\/schema\/person\/98e2f5bb6c890bd0e4fb5c6144121453\",\"name\":\"Daryna Sydorenko\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/40d038af669f9cfc00b3b9871d53682e.jpg?ver=1787137203\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/40d038af669f9cfc00b3b9871d53682e.jpg?ver=1787137203\",\"caption\":\"Daryna Sydorenko\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Germany\u2019s Experience Countering Russian Disinformation | TDC","description":"Russia\u2019s disinformation in Germany influences public opinion, leading to protests, arson attacks, and rising pro-Russian sentiment despite the aggression.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Germany\u2019s Experience Countering Russian Disinformation","og_description":"Russia\u2019s disinformation in Germany influences public opinion, leading to protests, arson attacks, and rising pro-Russian sentiment despite the aggression.","og_url":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/","og_site_name":"Transatlantic Dialogue Center","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Transatlantic-Dialogue-Center-105645698740463","article_published_time":"2024-03-14T10:19:41+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-07-04T09:00:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":843,"height":562,"url":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Daryna Sydorenko","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Germany\u2019s Experience Countering Russian Disinformation","twitter_description":"Russia\u2019s disinformation in Germany influences public opinion, leading to protests, arson attacks, and rising pro-Russian sentiment despite the aggression.","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Daryna Sydorenko","Est. reading time":"27 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/"},"author":{"name":"Daryna Sydorenko","@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#\/schema\/person\/98e2f5bb6c890bd0e4fb5c6144121453"},"headline":"How to Find the Truth in the World of Russian Disinformation: German Experience","datePublished":"2024-03-14T10:19:41+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-04T09:00:49+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/"},"wordCount":5595,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png","articleSection":["English Analyses","Western Europe"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/","url":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/","name":"Germany\u2019s Experience Countering Russian Disinformation | TDC","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png","datePublished":"2024-03-14T10:19:41+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-04T09:00:49+00:00","description":"Russia\u2019s disinformation in Germany influences public opinion, leading to protests, arson attacks, and rising pro-Russian sentiment despite the aggression.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png","width":843,"height":562,"caption":"Cover image for: Wie man in der Welt der russischen Desinformation die Wahrheit findet: Deutsche Erfahrung"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/2024\/03\/14\/how-to-find-the-truth-in-the-world-of-russian-disinformation-german-experience\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How to Find the Truth in the World of Russian Disinformation: German Experience"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/","name":"Transatlantic Dialogue Center","description":"Promoting International Peace and Security","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#organization","name":"Transatlantic Dialogue Center","url":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/google.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/google.png","width":2568,"height":2487,"caption":"Transatlantic Dialogue Center"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Transatlantic-Dialogue-Center-105645698740463","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCpJuhU4JBfpv_jsldNOc5LA"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#\/schema\/person\/98e2f5bb6c890bd0e4fb5c6144121453","name":"Daryna Sydorenko","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/40d038af669f9cfc00b3b9871d53682e.jpg?ver=1787137203","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/40d038af669f9cfc00b3b9871d53682e.jpg?ver=1787137203","caption":"Daryna Sydorenko"}}]}},"mfb_rest_fields":["title","yoast_head","yoast_head_json","gutenberg_elementor_mode"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22855"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37355,"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22855\/revisions\/37355"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22868"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22855"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=22855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}