{"id":5252,"date":"2022-06-04T11:18:44","date_gmt":"2022-06-04T08:18:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=5252"},"modified":"2025-08-21T14:42:17","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T11:42:17","slug":"ensuring-freedom-of-navigation-in-the-black-sealegal-aspects-and-politico-military-precedents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/de\/2022\/06\/04\/ensuring-freedom-of-navigation-in-the-black-sealegal-aspects-and-politico-military-precedents\/","title":{"rendered":"Ensuring Freedom of Navigation in the Black Sea: Legal Aspects and Politico-Military Precedents"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"916\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ezgif-3-9f4c790628.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ezgif-3-9f4c790628.jpg 916w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ezgif-3-9f4c790628-600x388.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ezgif-3-9f4c790628-768x497.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ezgif-3-9f4c790628-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 916px) 100vw, 916px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><font style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Freedom of navigation in the Black Sea, currently obstructed by the Russian Federation, is inextricably linked not only to ensuring Ukraine\u2019s security but also to preventing a global food crisis and achieving regional stability. Surprisingly, the international community has done far too little to address this issue and appears to ignore the inefficiencies rooted in existing legal instruments, as well as the political and military solutions already employed in other parts of the world.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" id=\"h-legal-aspects\"><em><font style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Legal Aspects<\/font><\/font><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>On February 25, the Embassy of Ukraine in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland sent a note verbale to the Secretariat of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The document specified that, \u201c\u2026 being guided by the requirements of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS), the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has adopted an Order dated February 25, 2022 No. 183-r \u2018On establishing the level of maritime security in sea and river ports of Ukraine, port facilities, vessels entitled to sail under the State flag of Ukraine.\u2019\u201d Consequently, Ukrainian ports were closed for entry and exit due to the MARSEC Level 3 Exceptional (Attack Imminent).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a follow-up step, the Council of the IMO held an extraordinary session on March 10\u201311, agreeing to encourage the establishment, as a provisional and urgent measure, of a blue safe maritime corridor to allow the safe evacuation of seafarers and ships. The UN Security Council considered the issue of Ukrainian ports as late as May 19 and is yet to take meaningful action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most obvious problem with the response of international institutions is failure to acknowledge the flawed nature of the ISPS. It directly requires 148 states parties to the Safety of Life at Sea Convention \u201cto detect security threats and take preventive measures against security incidents affecting ships or port facilities used in international trade.\u201d Such preventive action has been taken by Ukraine to the best of its ability. Sure enough, it is not sufficient against the overwhelming naval force of the invader. Besides, Russia has expressly violated Article 225 of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea by endangering the safety of navigation. No legal proceedings in this respect have been initiated against Russia at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea so far. And even if it had been done, the legal effort is ill-fitted to deal with the matter expeditiously and restore global food security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, the UN Security Council could seek to establish a special subsidiary organ authorized to monitor the situation with navigation in the Black and Azov Seas. This step, however, can be long overdue and therefore of little consequence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" id=\"h-politico-military-precedents\"><em>Politico-Military Precedents<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2019, the United States initiated the establishment of the International Maritime Security Construct (IMSC) to protect the free flow of trade in the Middle East from threats emanating from an increasingly assertive Iran. The IMSC has its own task force \u2013 CTF SENTINEL \u2013 and a headquarters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oddly enough, the project brings together, among others, such countries as Estonia, Lithuania, Albania and, since March 2022, Romania. The absence of a similar initiative in the Black Sea appears to be counterintuitive, especially against the background of far greater threats and the participation of Romania \u2013 a country on the Black Sea coast \u2013 in the IMSC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is therefore a viable option to consider establishing a similar coalition of the willing among the countries of the Black Sea region to provide temporary overwatch of merchant vessels carrying Ukrainian grains abroad.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Freedom of navigation in the Black Sea, currently obstructed by the Russian Federation, is inextricably linked not only to ensuring Ukraine\u2019s security but also to preventing a global food crisis and achieving regional stability. Surprisingly, the international community has done far too little to address this issue and appears to ignore the inefficiencies rooted in [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64,59,13,31],"tags":[],"topic":[93,87,86],"class_list":["post-5252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-central-eastern-europe-ger-analyses","category-eng-central-eastern-europe","category-en-analyses","category-ger-analyses","topic-geopolitics","topic-security","topic-ukraine"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ensuring Freedom of Navigation in the Black Sea: Legal Aspects and Politico-Military Precedents - Transatlantic Dialogue Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Promoting International Peace and Security at Kyiv, Ukraine - Freedom of navigation in the Black Sea, which is now obstructed by the Russian Federation, is inextricably linked not only to\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/de\/2022\/06\/04\/ensuring-freedom-of-navigation-in-the-black-sealegal-aspects-and-politico-military-precedents\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ensuring Freedom of Navigation in the Black Sea: Legal Aspects and Politico-Military Precedents\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Transatlantic Dialogue Center (TDC) is a non-governmental and non-partisan think tank that provides high-quality policy advice to private and public clients. 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