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\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629: Universidad Finis Terrae<\/strong> \u0648Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0648Universidad Nacional de General San Mart\u00edn<\/strong> \u0648Universidad del Salvador<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648Tec de Monterrey<\/strong> \u0648Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 TDC \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 Guillermo Mej\u00eda Cedillo<\/strong> (Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico) \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a TDC \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646.\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u064f\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong> \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0635\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0640TDC\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 TDC \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a (TDC) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":38137,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,104],"tags":[],"topic":[88,90,91,87,86],"class_list":["post-42492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-events","category-spain-and-latin-america-cooperation-program-events","topic-defense","topic-economy","topic-eu","topic-security","topic-ukraine"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"\nTDC \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 TDC \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0644\u064012 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/ar\/2026\/07\/30\/\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631-\u0639\u0628\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629-\u0627\u0644\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TDC \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 TDC \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0644\u064012 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/ar\/2026\/07\/30\/\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631-\u0639\u0628\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629-\u0627\u0644\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Transatlantic Dialogue Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Transatlantic-Dialogue-Center-105645698740463\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-30T11:24:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-29T00:43:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TDC-Intern.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1744\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1250\" \/>\n\t<meta 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