{"id":38404,"date":"2026-04-30T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=38404"},"modified":"2026-09-03T10:54:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T07:54:09","slug":"venezuela-and-the-limits-of-the-contemporary-international-order-norms-power-and-adaptation-in-a-system-in-transformation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/ar\/2026\/04\/30\/venezuela-and-the-limits-of-the-contemporary-international-order-norms-power-and-adaptation-in-a-system-in-transformation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f 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\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/es\/story\/2025\/12\/1540893\">\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1008\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37884\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-1.jpeg 1008w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-1-600x240.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-1-768x308.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-1-18x7.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1008px) 100vw, 1008px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u00bb. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/ipsnoticias.net\/2022\/09\/crimenes-de-lesa-humanidad-en-venezuela-denuncia-mision-de-la-onu\/\"><em>ANV\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 IPS.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2024 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 28 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2024 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/directoriolegislativo.org\/es\/maduro-asumio-su-tercer-mandato-en-medio-de-denuncias-por-fraude\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 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\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/es\/press\/press-releases\/2025\/01\/10\/venezuela-council-renews-restrictive-measures-and-lists-a-further-15-individuals-in-view-of-the-situation-in-the-country\/\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a 10 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2025 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 15 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a 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<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/2026\/01\/us-attacks-venezuela-and-maduro-captured-early-analysis-chatham-house-experts\">\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/a> \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"488\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37885\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-2.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-2-600x293.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-2-768x375.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-2-18x9.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Matias Delacroix \/ AP Photo\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/es\/news\/2024\/09\/04\/venezuela-brutal-represion-contra-manifestantes-y-votantes\"><em>\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 2026\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/cnnespanol.cnn.com\/2026\/01\/03\/eeuu\/asi-captura-nicolas-maduro-venezuela-trax\">\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/a> \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a 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\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0650 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\/articles\/cvgr610v3nyo\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0648<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/america\/2026-01-30\/delcy-rodriguez-anuncia-una-amnistia-general-para-los-cientos-de-presos-en-venezuela.html\">\u0639\u0641\u0648<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/america\/2026-01-30\/delcy-rodriguez-anuncia-una-amnistia-general-para-los-cientos-de-presos-en-venezuela.html\">\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\/articles\/cg7y4kznyppo\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u2014\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-la-nbsp-reconfiguracion-nbsp-del-nbsp-liderazgo-nbsp-estadounidense\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u061f \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2025-National-Security-Strategy.pdf\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a (NSS).<\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1016\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37886\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-3.jpeg 1016w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-3-600x247.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-3-768x316.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-3-18x7.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1016px) 100vw, 1016px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a 28 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Jim Lo Scalzo\/Getty Images\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/18\/five-takeaways-from-trumps-national-security-strategy\/\"><em>\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/goodauthority.org\/news\/what-happens-now-in-venezuela-and-the-world\/\">\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/goodauthority.org\/news\/what-happens-now-in-venezuela-and-the-world\/\">(Saunders, 2026\u061b<\/a> Hyde &amp; Saunders, 2025). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 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768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-4-11x12.jpeg 11w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 836px) 100vw, 836px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/argentinas-realignment-united-states-mileis-reforms-gain-strategic-support\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lanacion.com.py\/editorial\/2025\/11\/24\/paraguay-y-estados-unidos-avanzan-hacia-una-alianza-mas-dinamica-y-fuerte\/\">\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/estados-unidos\/2026\/02\/05\/trump-ratifica-su-alianza-estrategica-con-bukele-durante-el-desayuno-nacional-de-oracion-servido-en-washington\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c<\/a> \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/chile-peru-jose-jari-gabriel-boric-venezuela-511ce16ff599d5e48f8f03584ae37f69\">\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u060c<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/america\/2025-04-13\/la-migracion-venezolana-en-ecuador-es-arma-electoral-entre-luisa-gonzalez-y-daniel-noboa.html?event=go&amp;event_log=go&amp;prod=REGCRART&amp;o=cerrado\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/darien-gap-panama-venezuelan-migrants-4a385db728c922525d9addbc2577bc42\">\u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/chile-peru-jose-jari-gabriel-boric-venezuela-511ce16ff599d5e48f8f03584ae37f69\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/a> (\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/estados-unidos\/2025\/12\/15\/donald-trump-felicito-a-jose-antonio-kast-por-su-triunfo-en-las-elecciones-en-chile-es-una-muy-buena-persona\/\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/a> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0641\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/spa\/panam%c3%a1-pide-una-%22transici%c3%b3n-democr%c3%a1tica%22-en-venezuela-tras-la-captura-de-nicol%c3%a1s-maduro\/90721913\">\u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627<\/a> \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/eldiario\/status\/2007606434276786322?s=20\">\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064e\u062a \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1018\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-5.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37888\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-5.jpeg 1018w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-5-600x264.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-5-768x338.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-5-18x8.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1018px) 100vw, 1018px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.caracaschronicles.com\/2025\/10\/29\/venezuela-is-exposing-the-debts-of-latin-american-integration\/\"><em>Caracas Chronicles.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0638\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensa.gob.es\/ceseden\/-\/ieee\/eeuu_en_venezuela_2026_dieeea01\">Francisco M\u00e1rquez de la Rubia (2026)<\/a> \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0638\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 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href=\"https:\/\/es.weforum.org\/stories\/2026\/01\/que-es-el-minilateralismo-y-por-que-esta-ganando-terreno\/\">\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0651\u0631\u0629\u00bb<\/a> \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"h-union-nbsp-europea\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u060c \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"988\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37889\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-6.jpeg 988w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-6-600x256.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-6-768x328.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-6-18x8.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 988px) 100vw, 988px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u00ab\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/euperspectives.eu\/2026\/01\/respect-international-law-eu-releases-statement-on-venezuela-one-country-denies-support\/\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 EU Perspectives.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/cnnespanol.cnn.com\/2026\/01\/19\/eeuu\/trump-objetivo-militar-groenlandia-division-asesores-trax\">\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631: \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeas.europa.eu\/eeas\/por-qu%C3%A9-es-importante-la-autonom%C3%ADa-estrat%C3%A9gica-europea_es\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 Kotzur (2025)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 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John Ikenberry (2018)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/es\/2026\/01\/08\/espanol\/mundo\/buque-petrolero-flota-fantasma.html\">\u00ab\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u00bb<\/a> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 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https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-7-600x348.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-7-768x446.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-7-18x10.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 MV Bella 1\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2026. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.co.uk\/entry\/why-uk-aid-in-us-mission-to-seize-russian-oil-tanker-matters_uk_695f6344e4b0b3db6e4de3fb\"><em>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 AP.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26936905\">Bull and Rosales (2020)\u060c<\/a> \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 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href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/americas\/reporte-especial-petrleo-venezolano-se-esconde-camino-a-china-evitando-sancion-idUSKBN23J1NG\/\">Reuters\u060c<\/a> \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (CNPC) \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0637 PDVSA \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/PDVSA\/status\/940579311966412800?s=20\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 Boquer\u00f3n \u0648Petroperij\u00e1\u060c \u0645\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/spa\/parlamento-autoriza-prorrogar-por-15-a%C3%B1os-operaci%C3%B3n-de-dos-petroleras-ruso-venezolanas\/90429180\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2041\u060c<\/a> \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0641\u064a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.eleconomista.es\/economia\/noticias\/12852431\/06\/24\/que-son-las-tarjetas-mir-el-plan-ruso-para-desdolarizar-el-comercio-y-defenderse-de-sanciones-internacionales.html\">MIR<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/new-atlanticist\/how-venezuela-uses-crypto-to-sell-oil-and-what-the-us-should-do-about-it\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a 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https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-8-768x332.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-8-18x8.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1010px) 100vw, 1010px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/infobaires24.com.ar\/rusia-china-expresaron-amplio-apoyo-venezuela-tras-amenaza-militar-eeuu\/\"><em>InfoBaires24<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For years, Venezuela has occupied a recurring place on the international agenda: economic sanctions, diplomatic condemnations, failed mediation efforts, and a regime that, despite everything, remains in place. At first glance, the case appears to be another example of a protracted crisis under an authoritarian regime resistant to external pressure. Yet its persistence reflects more [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":37900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,57],"tags":[],"topic":[93,113,95],"class_list":["post-38404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-en-analyses","category-eng-latin-america-caribbean","topic-geopolitics","topic-latin-america","topic-usa"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Venezuela and the Limits of the Contemporary International Order | TDC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An analysis of Nicol\u00e1s Maduro&#039;s capture by U.S. forces in early 2026 and the limits of the contemporary international order.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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