{"id":34506,"date":"2026-02-12T11:31:48","date_gmt":"2026-02-12T09:31:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/?p=34506"},"modified":"2026-07-04T12:02:17","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T09:02:17","slug":"managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/ar\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621: \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-quick-download-button-download-button aligncenter qdbn-wrapper\"><div class=\"qdbn\" 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u00ab\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u00bb \u2014 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633&nbsp;<strong>\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 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class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"417\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-1024x417.png\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\" class=\"wp-image-34508\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.4556915768317196;width:728px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-1024x417.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-600x244.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1.png 1244w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/en\/what-we-do\/deterrence-and-defence\/strengthening-natos-eastern-flank\">\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/a> \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 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\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0630\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623\u064b. \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mapping-the-scope-of-russian-aerial-incursions\"><strong>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/poland-says-two-drones-enter-airspace-cause-no-damage-2025-09-04\/\">\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/romania-searching-possible-drone-fragments-after-russian-attack-ukraine-2024-09-08\/\">\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/russian-drone-that-crashed-latvia-carried-explosives-latvian-military-says-2024-09-09\/\">\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0642<\/a>\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/finland-summons-russian-ambassador-over-suspected-airspace-violation-2025-05-26\/\">\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/russian-plane-violated-swedish-airspace-friday-military-says-2024-06-15\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f<\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/norway-says-russia-violated-its-airspace-three-times-2025-2025-09-23\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c<\/a>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/turkey-says-it-downs-uncontrolled-drone-over-black-sea-2025-12-16\/\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/belgium-enlists-foreign-forces-combat-drone-incursions-2025-11-10\/\">\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629<\/a>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u060c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/moldova-says-two-russian-decoy-drones-crashed-its-territory-2024-11-10\/\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/a>\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"941\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\" class=\"wp-image-34511\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.441093687173301;width:556px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3.png 941w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3-600x416.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3-768x533.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 941px) 100vw, 941px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-heavily-affected-european-countries\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/expert-comment\/acled-data-show-least-50-instances-airspace-violations-countries-ukraines-western\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/military-object-found-polish-forest-was-russian-missile-media-2023-05-10\/\">\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/poland-downs-drones-after-its-airspace-is-violated-2025-09-10\/\">\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025<\/a>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/moldova-says-russian-drones-entered-its-airspace-again-posing-aviation-threat-2025-11-29\/\">\u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0641\u0627<\/a> \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/moldova-says-three-russian-cruise-missiles-crossed-moldovan-air-space-2022-10-10\/\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u062a<\/a> \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br><br>\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c80g7g5rmlno\">\u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a<\/a> \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064f\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/romania-summons-russian-charge-daffaires-over-drone-fragments-agerpres-2023-09-10\/\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u062a<\/a> \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/turkey-says-it-downs-uncontrolled-drone-over-black-sea-2025-12-16\/\">\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629<\/a>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/nato-member-estonia-says-three-russian-jets-violated-its-airspace-2025-09-19\/\">\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/nato-discuss-russian-airspace-violation-tuesday-officials-say-2025-09-21\/\">\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648<\/a>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/romanian-lawmakers-adopt-law-shoot-down-drones-breaching-airspace-2025-02-26\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/militarnyi.com\/en\/news\/lithuania-changes-laws-to-give-military-more-powers-to-fight-drones\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-moderately-affected-european-countries\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u2014 \u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/en\/finland-says-russian-military-aircraft-suspected-violating-its-airspace-2025-06-10\/\">\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/a>\u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/swedish-armed-forces-says-russian-fighter-jets-violated-swedish-airspace-2022-03-02\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f<\/a>\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/norway-says-russia-violated-its-airspace-three-times-2025-2025-09-23\/\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/belgium-investigates-flight-drones-over-military-base-2025-10-03\/\">\u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-non-european-countries-affected\"><strong><em>\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/skorea-scrambles-jets-china-russia-warplanes-enter-defence-zone-seoul-2023-12-14\/\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2024\/sep\/24\/japan-fighter-jets-russian-aircraft-airspace-violation\">\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629<\/a>\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/chinese-russian-military-planes-entered-left-south-koreas-air-defence-zone-2025-12-09\/\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0630\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.norad.mil\/Newsroom\/Press-Releases\/Article\/4314460\/norad-detects-and-tracks-russian-aircraft-operating-in-the-alaskan-air-defense\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a NORAD<\/a> \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-weak-responses-are-structurally-rational\"><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u00bb \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631: \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/romania-ukraine-nato-russia-war-drones-8a80bf6604bbd5506d1eef1358ddc9c2\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/a>. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u00bb \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-1024x427.png\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\" class=\"wp-image-34512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-1024x427.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-600x250.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4.png 1064w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/nato-emergency-meeting-poland-blast-start-1000-cet-european-diplomat-2022-11-16\/\">\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/a> \u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064a. <strong>\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6-1024x464.png\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\" class=\"wp-image-34514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6-1024x464.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6-600x272.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6-768x348.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-6.png 1035w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a 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srcset=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-8-1024x535.png 1024w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-8-600x313.png 600w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-8-768x401.png 768w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-8-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-8.png 1049w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 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id=\"h-scenario-1-reinforced-border-shield\"><em><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 1: \u062f\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a 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id=\"h-scenario-2-sensor-and-command-integration-with-ukraine\"><em><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 2: \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 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\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u2014 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-unlikely-scenario\"><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scenario-3-pre-emptive-interception-before-border-crossings-nbsp-nbsp\"><em><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/em> <em>3: \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key takeaways Russian air operations against Ukraine have turned large parts of Europe into a de facto front line of contested airspace. Drones, cruise missiles, and military aircraft launched toward Ukrainian targets routinely pass close to, skirt, or spill over the borders of NATO member states, triggering intercepts, airspace closures, and diplomatic protests from the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":34518,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,56],"tags":[],"topic":[88,110,84,87,86,92],"class_list":["post-34506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-en-analyses","category-eng-north-america","topic-defense","topic-nato","topic-russia","topic-security","topic-ukraine","topic-war"],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Protecting Ukraine\u2019s Airspace From Russia | TDC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Russian drones and missiles blur NATO borders. The paper explains cautious responses and outlines realistic NATO\u2013Ukraine air defence cooperation scenarios.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tdcenter.org\/ar\/2026\/02\/12\/managing-the-skies-europe-russia-and-the-politics-of-airspace-protection-over-ukraine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Protecting Ukraine\u2019s Airspace From Russia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Russian drones and missiles blur NATO borders. 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